污泥絮凝剂的研制及其应用性能研究

发布时间：2018-08-12 07:39

【摘要】：近年来随着环境标准要求的提高,污泥传统处理方法的弊端逐渐显露。因此,污泥“资源化”技术的研究已经成为解决目前污泥处置问题的有效途径。污泥主要由分布于胞内和胞外的蛋白质和多糖等有机物组成,传统发酵法制备的生物絮凝剂中起絮凝活性的物质主要为菌体发酵培养过程中分泌到胞外的多糖和蛋白质。本文将污泥作为制备生物絮凝剂的原材料,实现了污泥的资源化利用,也为生物絮凝剂的制备方法提供了新的途径。本文在研究不同污泥水解技术的基础上,通过比较不同方法制备絮凝剂的絮凝活性,确定了絮凝剂的制备方法。进一步考察所制备絮凝剂的应用,探讨絮凝剂的作用机理。论文取得了以下的研究成果：(1)对采用超声破碎提取,超声和稀盐酸耦合技术破碎提取,仅用稀盐酸破碎提取制备的污泥絮凝剂的性能进行了比较研究。结果表明,在pH为3.0-9.0时,三种方法制备的絮凝剂对高岭土悬浮液的絮凝效率分别为30.0%、95.0%、98.0%。并考察了提取剂稀盐酸的用量对絮凝剂制备没有明显影响。(2)采用调节pH值和加入95%乙醇对上述粗絮凝剂(SBF)进行了提纯干燥,将粗絮凝剂分级为三部分纯化絮凝剂SBF-1～SBF-3。研究了提纯的污泥絮凝剂(SBF-1、SBF-2、SBF-3)对淀粉废水和刚果红染料废水的絮凝效果。结果表明,SBF-1、SBF-2在体系pH为6.0-10.0时,对淀粉废水有较好的絮凝效果,其中SBF-2对淀粉废水的絮凝率可达到98.5%以上。污泥絮凝剂对以淀粉为代表的水中溶胀性颗粒有较好絮凝效率当体系pH为9.0时,SBF-1、SBF-2、SBF-3对刚果红废水的最大脱色率分别为97.4%、90.5%、82.7%,COD去除率可以达到100%。带正电荷的污泥絮凝剂对酸性染料废水有很好的絮凝效果。将SBF对亚甲基蓝废水处理,处理结果表明,在酸性、中性、碱性条件下,脱色率在10.0%以下,甚至出现负值。带正电荷的SBF对碱性染料亚甲基蓝没有脱色絮凝的效果。(3)污泥絮凝剂对有机废水絮凝效果的研究。在絮凝体系pH=4.0-8.0,12.0mL SBF对模拟含油废水取得了较好的絮凝效果,絮凝率和CO D去除率最高达到93.0%。在pH=4.0,SBF的投加量为4.0mL/120.0mL时,SBF对对硝基苯酚废水的最大絮凝率为41.6%。因此,污泥絮凝剂对水体中分散的油类物质有很好的分离效果。但是对于水溶性很强的有机废水,去除效果不明显。(4)污泥絮凝剂对处理重金属废水絮凝效果的研究。在pH=0.5,SBF投加量为6.OmL/100.0mL,助凝剂CaCl2投加量为1.5mL/100n L时,絮凝率最大达到30.6%。污泥絮凝剂对重铬酸钾废水几乎没有絮凝效果。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the improvement of environmental standards, the drawbacks of traditional sludge treatment methods have been gradually revealed. Therefore, the study of sludge reuse technology has become an effective way to solve the sludge disposal problem. Sludge is mainly composed of proteins and polysaccharides which are distributed in the cell and extracellular. The flocculating activity of bioflocculants prepared by traditional fermentation method is mainly polysaccharides and proteins secreted into cells during cell fermentation. In this paper, sludge is used as the raw material for the preparation of bioflocculants, which realizes the utilization of sludge and provides a new way for the preparation of bioflocculants. Based on the study of different sludge hydrolysis techniques, the flocculation activity of flocculant prepared by different methods was compared, and the preparation method of flocculant was determined. The application of flocculant was investigated and the mechanism of flocculant was discussed. The main results are as follows: (1) the performance of sludge flocculant prepared by ultrasonic crushing extraction, ultrasonic and dilute hydrochloric acid coupling technology, and only dilute hydrochloric acid crushing extraction was compared. The results showed that the flocculation efficiency of the three flocculants on kaolin suspensions was 30.010 and 98.0 at pH 3.0-9.0, respectively. The amount of extractant dilute hydrochloric acid had no obvious influence on the preparation of flocculant. (2) the crude flocculant (SBF) was purified and dried by adjusting pH value and adding 95% ethanol. The crude flocculant was classified into three parts to purify SBF-1 and SBF-3. The flocculating effect of purified sludge flocculant (SBF-1, SBF-2, SBF-3) on starch wastewater and Congo red dye wastewater was studied. The results showed that SBF-1 and SBF-2 had better flocculation effect on starch wastewater when pH was 6.0-10.0, and the flocculation rate of SBF-2 on starch wastewater was over 98.5%. Sludge flocculant has a better flocculation efficiency for swelling granules in water represented by starch. When pH is 9.0, the maximum decolorization rate of SBF-1 / SBF-2SBF-3 for Congo red wastewater is 97.4%, 90.5% and 82.7% respectively. The removal rate of COD can reach 100%. Sludge flocculant with positive charge has good flocculation effect on acid dye wastewater. Methylene blue wastewater was treated with SBF. The results showed that the decolorization rate was below 10.0% and even negative under acidic, neutral and alkaline conditions. SBF with positive charge did not decolorize and flocculate the alkaline dye methylene blue. (3) the flocculation effect of sludge flocculant on organic wastewater. A good flocculation effect on simulated oily wastewater was obtained at pH 4.0 ~ 8.0 ~ 12.0 mL SBF. The highest flocculation rate and removal rate of CO D reached 93.0%. The maximum flocculation rate of p-nitrophenol wastewater was 41.6 when the dosage of 4.0mL/120.0mL was 4.0mL/120.0mL. Therefore, sludge flocculant has a good separation effect on dispersed oil in water. However, the removal efficiency is not obvious for organic wastewater with strong water solubility. (4) the flocculation effect of sludge flocculant on treatment of heavy metal wastewater. The maximum flocculation rate was 30.6 when the dosage of pH = 0.5 CaCl2 was 6.OmL / 100.0mL and the dosage of coagulant CaCl2 was 1.5mL/100n L. Sludge flocculant has little flocculation effect on potassium dichromate wastewater.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X703.5

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