不同磷肥对茶园土壤中铅镉有效性及其生物累积的影响研究
发布时间：2018-08-12 14:35
【摘要】：基于茶园土壤及茶叶中重金属铅镉污染不断加剧的现状以及采用含磷物质修复重金属污染土壤技术的发展,本文在前人研究的基础上,将含磷物质对重金属污染土壤的原位修复技术应用于茶园土壤—茶树系统中,开展了不同磷肥对茶园土壤铅镉有效性及茶树对其吸收累积影响的研究,以明确不同磷肥种类及施加量对重金属污染茶园系统的影响,为铅镉污染的茶园土壤修复和保证茶叶质量安全提供科学依据。本文通过盆栽试验,研究了在不同培养期内(1、2和4个月),施用不同磷肥种类(过磷酸钙、磷酸二氢钾、钙镁磷肥)及施磷量(0.2、0.5gP2O5·kg-1)分别对铅和镉污染茶园土壤pH、有效态铅镉含量及茶树吸收累积的影响。主要研究成果如下：(1)施加过磷酸钙(CSP)和磷酸二氢钾(MKP)对提高茶园土壤pH的效应较低,影响不显著；施加钙镁磷肥(CMP)可有效提高茶园土壤的pH,且施磷量增大,土壤pH也增大,表明钙镁磷肥可有效改善茶园土壤的酸性环境。(2)与不施磷肥相比,3种磷肥施加均不同程度的增大了土壤有效铅(盐酸提取态)含量；其中,钙镁磷肥的增幅最大,且随着施磷量增大,有效铅含量降低。钙镁磷肥和过磷酸钙均显著增大了土壤有效镉(盐酸提取态)含量；处理4个月后,磷酸二氢钾处理下有效镉含量低于对照,但降幅不大。(3)茶树根系对铅有较强的富集能力,对镉的富集能力极强；各组织对铅镉的富集能力表现为根茎叶；铅镉大部分均累积在根部,向叶片的迁移量低,叶片对铅镉的富集系数均小于1,富集能力相对较弱。(4)较高施磷量的钙镁磷肥施加显著降低了茶树各组织对铅和镉的吸收；较高施磷量下茶树各组织的铅镉含量均低于较低施磷量处理；在较低施磷量下,3种磷肥处理根系对铅的吸收均显著增大,过磷酸钙和钙镁磷肥显著增大了叶片对铅的吸收,而磷酸二氢钾处理影响不显著；处理4个月后,钙镁磷肥和磷酸二氢钾处理下根系对镉的吸收均显著低于对照,在较低施磷水平处理下,3种磷肥均显著增大了叶片中镉含量。(5)在本实验条件下,土壤pH与有效态铅和镉呈正相关性,与茶树各组织对铅和镉的吸收累积量呈负相关；有效态铅与茶树各组织铅含量相关性不显著,有效态镉与茶树根系镉含量呈负相关性；茶树各组织对铅和镉的吸收量之间相关性显著。
[Abstract]:Based on the increasing pollution of heavy metal lead and cadmium in tea garden soil and tea, and the development of remediation technology of heavy metal contaminated soil with phosphorous substance, this paper is based on the previous studies. The in situ remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils with phosphorus was applied to tea garden soil-tea plant system. The effects of different phosphorus fertilizers on the availability of lead and cadmium in tea garden soil and the effect of tea plants on their absorption and accumulation were studied. In order to determine the effects of different kinds and amounts of phosphate fertilizer on tea garden system polluted by heavy metals, this paper provides a scientific basis for soil remediation of tea garden polluted by lead and cadmium and for ensuring the quality and safety of tea. Pot experiment was conducted to study the application of different kinds of phosphate fertilizer (calcium superphosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate) in different culture periods (1 ~ 2 and 4 months). The effects of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer (FMP) and phosphorus application rate (0.2GP2O5 kg-1) on the pH, available Pb-CD content and uptake accumulation of tea plantations polluted by Pb and CD, respectively. The main results are as follows: (1) the effects of calcium superphosphate (CSP) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (MKP) on increasing the pH of tea garden soil were low, but the effect was not significant, and the application of (CMP) fertilizer could effectively increase the pH value of tea garden soil, and the amount of phosphorus applied increased, and the soil pH increased. The results showed that the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer could effectively improve the acidic environment of tea garden soil. (2) compared with no phosphate fertilizer, the content of available lead (hydrochloric acid extract) was increased in different degrees, and the increase of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer was the largest. And the effective lead content decreased with the increase of phosphorus application. Both calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and superphosphate fertilizer significantly increased the content of available cadmium (hydrochloric acid extract) in the soil, and after 4 months treatment, the available cadmium content in the treatment of potassium dihydrogen phosphate was lower than that in the control, but the decrease was not significant. (3) the root system of tea plants had a strong ability to enrich lead. The accumulation ability of cadmium was very strong, the enrichment ability of each tissue to Pb and CD was shown as rhizome leaf, most of Pb and CD accumulated in the root, and the migration to leaf was low. The enrichment coefficient of lead and cadmium in leaves was less than 1, and the enrichment ability was relatively weak. (4) the absorption of lead and cadmium in tea plants was significantly decreased by the application of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer with higher phosphorus application rate. The Pb and CD contents of tea plant tissues were lower than those of lower P application treatments, and the root uptake of Pb was significantly increased under the lower P application rates, and the uptake of Pb by leaves was significantly increased by calcium superphosphate and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer. But the effect of potassium dihydrogen phosphate treatment was not significant, and after 4 months treatment, the absorption of cadmium in roots of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and potassium dihydrogen phosphate treatment was significantly lower than that of the control. (5) under the experimental conditions, soil pH was positively correlated with available lead and cadmium, and negatively correlated with the uptake and accumulation of Pb and CD in tea plants. There was no significant correlation between available lead and lead content in tea plants, but a negative correlation between available cadmium and CD content in roots of tea plants, and there was a significant correlation between Pb and CD uptake in tea plants.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X53
[Abstract]:Based on the increasing pollution of heavy metal lead and cadmium in tea garden soil and tea, and the development of remediation technology of heavy metal contaminated soil with phosphorous substance, this paper is based on the previous studies. The in situ remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils with phosphorus was applied to tea garden soil-tea plant system. The effects of different phosphorus fertilizers on the availability of lead and cadmium in tea garden soil and the effect of tea plants on their absorption and accumulation were studied. In order to determine the effects of different kinds and amounts of phosphate fertilizer on tea garden system polluted by heavy metals, this paper provides a scientific basis for soil remediation of tea garden polluted by lead and cadmium and for ensuring the quality and safety of tea. Pot experiment was conducted to study the application of different kinds of phosphate fertilizer (calcium superphosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate) in different culture periods (1 ~ 2 and 4 months). The effects of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer (FMP) and phosphorus application rate (0.2GP2O5 kg-1) on the pH, available Pb-CD content and uptake accumulation of tea plantations polluted by Pb and CD, respectively. The main results are as follows: (1) the effects of calcium superphosphate (CSP) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (MKP) on increasing the pH of tea garden soil were low, but the effect was not significant, and the application of (CMP) fertilizer could effectively increase the pH value of tea garden soil, and the amount of phosphorus applied increased, and the soil pH increased. The results showed that the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer could effectively improve the acidic environment of tea garden soil. (2) compared with no phosphate fertilizer, the content of available lead (hydrochloric acid extract) was increased in different degrees, and the increase of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer was the largest. And the effective lead content decreased with the increase of phosphorus application. Both calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and superphosphate fertilizer significantly increased the content of available cadmium (hydrochloric acid extract) in the soil, and after 4 months treatment, the available cadmium content in the treatment of potassium dihydrogen phosphate was lower than that in the control, but the decrease was not significant. (3) the root system of tea plants had a strong ability to enrich lead. The accumulation ability of cadmium was very strong, the enrichment ability of each tissue to Pb and CD was shown as rhizome leaf, most of Pb and CD accumulated in the root, and the migration to leaf was low. The enrichment coefficient of lead and cadmium in leaves was less than 1, and the enrichment ability was relatively weak. (4) the absorption of lead and cadmium in tea plants was significantly decreased by the application of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer with higher phosphorus application rate. The Pb and CD contents of tea plant tissues were lower than those of lower P application treatments, and the root uptake of Pb was significantly increased under the lower P application rates, and the uptake of Pb by leaves was significantly increased by calcium superphosphate and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer. But the effect of potassium dihydrogen phosphate treatment was not significant, and after 4 months treatment, the absorption of cadmium in roots of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and potassium dihydrogen phosphate treatment was significantly lower than that of the control. (5) under the experimental conditions, soil pH was positively correlated with available lead and cadmium, and negatively correlated with the uptake and accumulation of Pb and CD in tea plants. There was no significant correlation between available lead and lead content in tea plants, but a negative correlation between available cadmium and CD content in roots of tea plants, and there was a significant correlation between Pb and CD uptake in tea plants.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X53
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