大气污染防治中的地方政府责任强化对策研究

发布时间：2018-08-19 06:21

【摘要】：环境问题,尤其是大气污染环境问题,随着近年来“雾霾”的集中爆发逐渐进入公众视野,备受社会各界的关注。政府作为公权力的代表,其在大气污染防治工作中的履责情况也备受期待和关注。此外,党的十八报告指出,“建设生态文明,是关系人民福祉、关乎民族未来的长远大计,”这为新时期政府职能的转变指明了方向。建立健全的环境责任机制,推进政府环境责任的履行,是加快政府职能转变、提高政府治理能力、提升政府公信力的重要途径。当前,政府环境责任的内涵和履行的必要性究竟是什么?我国地方政府大气污染防治中存在的问题及其原因都有哪些?面对诸多国内外大气污染防治的成功经验,如何根据国情遴选出适合在我国推广的措施,并构建强化我国大气污染防治的政府责任制直接关系到我国大气污染防治工作的成效。作为政府责任内容之一的政府环境责任,通常也称作政府生态责任,是指法律规定的政府以公众环境利益为指向,在环境保护方面应尽的义务,以及政府因未履行规定义务而造成的否定性后果应承担的责任。随着大气污染环境的日益严重、人们对大气污染治理的呼声日益高涨、以及环境治理的全球化日趋明显,强化政府在大气污染防治中的责任必须受到重视。论文首先从研究大气污染防治及其政府责任入手,研究了大气污染防治中政府责任的基本概念、理论依据以及具体内容。在反思我国地方政府大气污染防治中存在的问题及其原因的基础上,介绍了国内外大气污染防治的经验和启示,探讨了以法律体系、信息公开制度、多中心主体模式以及绩效考核机制为依托的强化政府责任之策。论文从大气污染防治法律体系不健全、信息公开不透明、防治主体单一以及政府间协作存在障碍这四个方面指出了目前我国地方政府大气污染防治中存在的问题,并以此为线索,对这些问题产生的原因进行了追根溯源。在总结国内外大气污染防治经验的启示时,着重从立法完善、科技创新、信息公开、区域协作等方面进行了反思。由此,提出了强化大气污染防治中地方政府责任的对策:建立科学的大气污染防治法律体系、定型全面的大气环境信息公开制度、创新多中心的大气污染防治主体模式以及纳入合理的大气污染防治政绩考核机制。
[Abstract]:Environmental problems, especially air pollution and environmental problems, have gradually come into public view with the outbreak of "fog and haze" in recent years, and have attracted much attention from all walks of life. It is an important way to speed up the transformation of government functions, improve government governance capacity and enhance government credibility. What is the connotation and the necessity of its implementation? What are the problems and their causes in the prevention and control of local air pollution in China? Faced with many successful experiences in the prevention and control of air pollution at home and abroad, how to select the measures suitable for popularization in China according to the national conditions, and how to construct a direct system of government responsibility to strengthen the prevention and control of air pollution in China? The government's environmental responsibility, as one of the government's responsibilities, is usually called the government's ecological responsibility. It refers to the government's obligations in environmental protection directed by the public environmental interests and the negative consequences caused by the government's failure to fulfill its obligations. With the increasingly serious air pollution environment, people's voice for air pollution control is rising day by day, and the globalization of environmental control is becoming increasingly obvious, strengthening the government's responsibility in the prevention and control of air pollution must be paid attention to. The basic concepts, theoretical basis and specific contents of the responsibility of the central government are introduced. On the basis of reflecting on the existing problems and their causes in the prevention and control of local air pollution in China, the experiences and Enlightenments of the prevention and control of air pollution at home and abroad are introduced. The legal system, information disclosure system, multi-center main body model and performance appraisal mechanism are discussed. In order to strengthen the government's responsibility, this paper points out the problems existing in the air pollution prevention and control of local governments in China from the following four aspects: the imperfect legal system of air pollution prevention and control, the opaque information, the single subject of prevention and control, and the obstacles of intergovernmental cooperation. In summarizing the experience of air pollution prevention and control at home and abroad, this paper mainly reflects on Perfection of legislation, innovation of science and technology, openness of information, regional cooperation and so on. Environmental information disclosure system, innovative multi-center air pollution prevention and control of the main model and into a reasonable performance assessment mechanism for air pollution prevention and control.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X51;D630

【相似文献】