施加消油剂对石油—悬浮颗粒凝聚体形成的影响研究
发布时间：2018-08-23 08:42
【摘要】：随着海上石油运输业的高速发展,海洋溢油导致的海洋环境污染问题越发严重。人们发现在处理海洋溢油污染过程中,自然环境中的矿物质颗粒起到与化学分散剂类似的作用,不仅促进了油在水体中的分散,还有效降低了油滴的粒径。由于油滴表面包裹了悬浮颗粒物,使其表面性质发生变化,形成的石油-悬浮颗粒凝聚体有利于微生物对油类污染物的自然降解。本论文通过室内模拟实验研究施加消油剂对石油悬浮颗粒物凝聚体形成的影响。实验以往复式振荡器模拟海洋水动力作用,选用了胜利原油、胜采二矿原油和坨四原油三种原油作为污染原油样品,选取莱州湾淤泥质颗粒物为悬浮颗粒物材料,选用抽滤过的莱州湾海水作为反应介质。实验中分别对悬浮颗粒物粒径、油品性质、悬浮颗粒物种类以及海水盐度等影响因素进行了探索和分析;考察了消油剂对油品密度、粘度以及乳化率的影响规律,不同沉积物种类、沉积物质量以及不同混合能量(转速)对不同原油去除率的影响规律,以及消油剂对石油-悬浮颗粒凝聚体形成的影响规律。研究结果表明:当施加消油剂量达到剂油比(质量比)为2:10时,原油的乳化率达到最大;随着消油剂用量的增加,油品粘度整体呈递减趋势,而施加不同用量的消油剂对油品密度的影响则相对较小;沉积物粒径越小,生成的石油-悬浮颗粒物凝聚体量越多,对原油的捕获率越大,粒径小于0.038 mm的颗粒物对原油捕获率最大;施加消油剂对石油悬浮颗粒凝聚体的形成具有明显影响,随着转速增加,石油-悬浮颗粒凝聚体的形成质量增加,但转速增加到到一定值后,石油-悬浮颗粒凝聚体的增量变缓;随着颗粒物质量的增多,石油-悬浮颗粒凝聚体形成量增加;当颗粒物浓度增加时,随着富肯消油剂用量的增多,胜利原油与颗粒物形成的凝聚体对原油的捕获率由37%提高到82%;胜采二矿原油与颗粒物形成的凝聚体对原油的捕获率由40%提高到87%;坨四原油与颗粒物形成的凝聚体对原油的捕获率由39%提高到79%。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of offshore oil transportation, marine environmental pollution caused by marine oil spills is becoming more and more serious. It is found that the mineral particles in the natural environment play a similar role to chemical dispersants in the treatment of marine oil spill pollution, which not only promote the dispersion of oil in water, but also effectively reduce the diameter of oil droplets. Because the oil droplets are coated with suspended particles, the surface properties of the particles are changed, and the petroleum-suspended particles condensate is favorable to the natural degradation of oil pollutants by microorganisms. In this paper, the effects of oil suppressants on the formation of petroleum suspended particulates condensate were studied by laboratory simulation experiments. Three kinds of crude oil, Shengli crude oil, Shengguo No. 2 crude oil and Tuo4 crude oil, were selected as samples of polluted crude oil, and sludge particles in Laizhou Bay were selected as suspended particulate materials. The leached seawater in Laizhou Bay was used as the reaction medium. In the experiment, the influence factors such as particle size, oil quality, suspended particle type and salinity of seawater were investigated, and the influence of oil suppressant on oil density, viscosity and emulsification rate was investigated. The effects of different sediment types, sediment quality and different mixing energy (rotational speed) on the removal rate of crude oil and the influence of oil suppressants on the formation of petroleum-suspended particle aggregates are discussed. The results show that when the amount of oil suppressant reaches 2:10, the emulsification rate of crude oil reaches the maximum, and the viscosity of oil product decreases with the increase of the amount of oil suppressant. The smaller the grain size of sediment, the more the condensate amount of petroleum-suspended particulates, the larger the capture rate of crude oil, the smaller the oil density is, the smaller the grain size of sediment is, the more the condensate amount of petroleum suspended particles is. The particles with diameter less than 0.038 mm have the largest crude oil trapping efficiency, the application of oil suppressant has obvious influence on the formation of petroleum suspended particle condensate, and with the increase of rotational speed, the formation quality of petroleum suspended particle condensate increases. However, when the rotational speed reaches a certain value, the increment of petroleum-suspended particle condensate becomes slower; with the increase of particle quality, the formation amount of petroleum-suspended particle condensate increases; when the particle concentration increases, With the increase in the amount of Fuken oil suppressant, The capture rate of condensate formed by Shengli crude oil and particulates increased from 37% to 822%; that of condensate formed by crude oil and particulates in Shengguo No.2 mine increased from 40% to 87%; and that of tuo4 crude oil and particulates increased from 40% to 87%; the condensate formed by Tuo 4 crude oil and particulates increased from 40% to 87%. The capture rate of crude oil increased from 39% to 79%.
【学位授予单位】：中国石油大学(华东)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X55
本文编号：2198517
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of offshore oil transportation, marine environmental pollution caused by marine oil spills is becoming more and more serious. It is found that the mineral particles in the natural environment play a similar role to chemical dispersants in the treatment of marine oil spill pollution, which not only promote the dispersion of oil in water, but also effectively reduce the diameter of oil droplets. Because the oil droplets are coated with suspended particles, the surface properties of the particles are changed, and the petroleum-suspended particles condensate is favorable to the natural degradation of oil pollutants by microorganisms. In this paper, the effects of oil suppressants on the formation of petroleum suspended particulates condensate were studied by laboratory simulation experiments. Three kinds of crude oil, Shengli crude oil, Shengguo No. 2 crude oil and Tuo4 crude oil, were selected as samples of polluted crude oil, and sludge particles in Laizhou Bay were selected as suspended particulate materials. The leached seawater in Laizhou Bay was used as the reaction medium. In the experiment, the influence factors such as particle size, oil quality, suspended particle type and salinity of seawater were investigated, and the influence of oil suppressant on oil density, viscosity and emulsification rate was investigated. The effects of different sediment types, sediment quality and different mixing energy (rotational speed) on the removal rate of crude oil and the influence of oil suppressants on the formation of petroleum-suspended particle aggregates are discussed. The results show that when the amount of oil suppressant reaches 2:10, the emulsification rate of crude oil reaches the maximum, and the viscosity of oil product decreases with the increase of the amount of oil suppressant. The smaller the grain size of sediment, the more the condensate amount of petroleum-suspended particulates, the larger the capture rate of crude oil, the smaller the oil density is, the smaller the grain size of sediment is, the more the condensate amount of petroleum suspended particles is. The particles with diameter less than 0.038 mm have the largest crude oil trapping efficiency, the application of oil suppressant has obvious influence on the formation of petroleum suspended particle condensate, and with the increase of rotational speed, the formation quality of petroleum suspended particle condensate increases. However, when the rotational speed reaches a certain value, the increment of petroleum-suspended particle condensate becomes slower; with the increase of particle quality, the formation amount of petroleum-suspended particle condensate increases; when the particle concentration increases, With the increase in the amount of Fuken oil suppressant, The capture rate of condensate formed by Shengli crude oil and particulates increased from 37% to 822%; that of condensate formed by crude oil and particulates in Shengguo No.2 mine increased from 40% to 87%; and that of tuo4 crude oil and particulates increased from 40% to 87%; the condensate formed by Tuo 4 crude oil and particulates increased from 40% to 87%. The capture rate of crude oil increased from 39% to 79%.
【学位授予单位】：中国石油大学(华东)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X55
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