纳米氧化锌对污水生物除磷作用及微生物群落的影响
发布时间：2018-08-25 15:33
【摘要】：纳米材料在工业生产和日常生活用品(如半导体和化妆品)中的广泛应用,使其无可避免的进入到了市政污水中,进而进入污水处理厂。很多纳米颗粒具有抗菌性(比如Zn O-NPs、Ag-NPs、Ti O2-NPs),因此纳米颗粒可能会给污水处理厂的正常运行造成冲击。本文以Zn O-NPs为研究对象,主要研究了不同浓度Zn O-NPs对污水处理系统生物除磷作用及微生物群落的影响,以预测Zn O-NPs对水处理系统处理效能的冲击作用。设定投入系统Zn O-NPs的浓度为1、5、10、20 mg/L,考察纳米颗粒短期暴露(8 h)和长期暴露(10 d)对生物除磷系统的影响情况。实验选取稳定运行的SBR系统为要研究的污水处理系统。SBR以厌氧-好氧形式运行,以达到稳定的除磷效果。Zn O-NPs短期暴露条件下,1、5 mg/L Zn O-NPs对于系统最终除磷没有产生消极影响,10、20 mg/L Zn O-NPs则使系统厌氧释磷量相比空白有所降低,使好氧吸磷过程速率减慢,去除率降低。1 mg/L Zn O-NPs对生物除磷过程中PHA和糖原的转化没有产生影响,加入5、10、20 mg/L Zn O-NPs的系统中PHA在微生物中的含量相比空白有了增多,糖原的分解和合成活动较空白有了增强。Zn O-NPs长期暴露条件下,1、5 mg/L Zn O-NPs对于SBR除磷没有明显影响,10、20 mg/L Zn O-NPs产生的负面影响明显,两系统较空白厌氧释磷量减少,出水中SOP含量不符合一级B出水标准。10、20 mg/L Zn O-NPs对PPX,PPK的活性,呼吸速率,EPS的产量,质膜完整性及系统内MLSS,MLVSS含量都产生了一定程度的抑制或破坏,且随加入Zn O-NPs浓度的增加,破坏作用增强。1、5 mg/L Zn O-NPs对上述指标都没有产生抑制。高通量测序分析微生物群落多样性显示,加入10 mg/L Zn O-NPs颗粒促使微生物多样性增加,而高浓度的Zn O-NPs(20 mg/L)对于系统的冲击性很大,微生物已不能做出调整抵抗冲击;群落差异性分析表明系统内微生物群落受到Zn O-NPs的影响,出现了群落聚类上的差异,且纳米颗粒浓度越大,差异越明显;通过物种分类分析发现,加入纳米颗粒后群落优势菌群Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes,Actinobacteria在群落中的占比都产生了变化,聚磷菌(Rhodocyclales)丰度减少,聚糖菌从属细菌(Alphaproteobacteria和Gammaproteobacteria)的丰度增加,因而导致系统生物除磷作用的失败。此外加入Zn O-NPs增加了对重金属具有抗性的细菌Zoogloea的丰度,降低了与活性污泥膨胀有关的细菌Haliscomenobacter的丰度。
[Abstract]:Nano-materials are widely used in industrial production and daily necessities (such as semiconductors and cosmetics), which inevitably enter municipal sewage and then into sewage treatment plants. Many nanoparticles have antimicrobial properties (such as Zn O-NPsAg-NPsTi O2-NPs), so the nanoparticles may impact the normal operation of wastewater treatment plants. In this paper, the effects of Zn O-NPs on biological phosphorus removal and microbial community in wastewater treatment system were studied in order to predict the impact of Zn O-NPs on the efficiency of water treatment system. The concentration of Zn O-NPs in the input system was set at 1 ~ 5 ~ 10 ~ 10 ~ (20) mg/L, to investigate the effects of short-term exposure (8 h) and long-term exposure (10 d) of nanoparticles on biological phosphorus removal system. The stable running SBR system was selected as the sewage treatment system. SBR was operated in the form of anaerobic-aerobic. In order to achieve stable phosphorus removal effect. Zn O-NPs had no negative effect on the final phosphorus removal under the condition of short-term exposure to Zn O-NPs, the anaerobic phosphorus release rate of the system was decreased and the rate of aerobic phosphorus uptake was slowed down compared with the blank at 10 ~ 20 mg/L Zn O-NPs. The reduction of removal rate of 1. 1 mg/L Zn O-NPs had no effect on the conversion of PHA and glycogen in the biological phosphorus removal process. The content of PHA in microorganism was increased in the system of 5 ~ 10 ~ (20) mg/L Zn O-NPs. The decomposition and synthesis activities of glycogen were enhanced. Zn O-NPs had no significant negative effect on SBR phosphorus removal under the condition of long-term exposure. The two systems had less anaerobic phosphorus release than the blank system. The SOP content in the effluent did not meet the first class B effluent standard. The activity of PPX,PPK, respiration rate, the yield of PPX,PPK, the integrity of plasma membrane and the content of MLSS,MLVSS in the system were inhibited or destroyed to a certain extent, and with the increase of Zn O-NPs concentration. The damage effect was enhanced. 1 mg/L Zn O-NPs did not inhibit the above indexes. High-throughput sequencing analysis of microbial community diversity showed that adding 10 mg/L Zn O-NPs particles increased the microbial diversity, but the high concentration of Zn O-NPs (20 mg/L) had a great impact on the system, and the microbes could not adjust to resist the impact. Community diversity analysis showed that the microbial community in the system was affected by Zn O-NPs, and there were cluster differences, and the greater the concentration of nanoparticles, the more obvious the difference. The percentage of dominant Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes,Actinobacteria in the community changed with the addition of nanoparticles, the (Rhodocyclales) abundance of Phosphorus was decreased and the abundance of Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria increased, which resulted in the failure of phosphorus removal in the system. In addition, the addition of Zn O-NPs increased the abundance of bacterial Zoogloea, which was resistant to heavy metals, and decreased the abundance of bacterial Haliscomenobacter related to activated sludge bulking.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X703
本文编号：2203345
[Abstract]:Nano-materials are widely used in industrial production and daily necessities (such as semiconductors and cosmetics), which inevitably enter municipal sewage and then into sewage treatment plants. Many nanoparticles have antimicrobial properties (such as Zn O-NPsAg-NPsTi O2-NPs), so the nanoparticles may impact the normal operation of wastewater treatment plants. In this paper, the effects of Zn O-NPs on biological phosphorus removal and microbial community in wastewater treatment system were studied in order to predict the impact of Zn O-NPs on the efficiency of water treatment system. The concentration of Zn O-NPs in the input system was set at 1 ~ 5 ~ 10 ~ 10 ~ (20) mg/L, to investigate the effects of short-term exposure (8 h) and long-term exposure (10 d) of nanoparticles on biological phosphorus removal system. The stable running SBR system was selected as the sewage treatment system. SBR was operated in the form of anaerobic-aerobic. In order to achieve stable phosphorus removal effect. Zn O-NPs had no negative effect on the final phosphorus removal under the condition of short-term exposure to Zn O-NPs, the anaerobic phosphorus release rate of the system was decreased and the rate of aerobic phosphorus uptake was slowed down compared with the blank at 10 ~ 20 mg/L Zn O-NPs. The reduction of removal rate of 1. 1 mg/L Zn O-NPs had no effect on the conversion of PHA and glycogen in the biological phosphorus removal process. The content of PHA in microorganism was increased in the system of 5 ~ 10 ~ (20) mg/L Zn O-NPs. The decomposition and synthesis activities of glycogen were enhanced. Zn O-NPs had no significant negative effect on SBR phosphorus removal under the condition of long-term exposure. The two systems had less anaerobic phosphorus release than the blank system. The SOP content in the effluent did not meet the first class B effluent standard. The activity of PPX,PPK, respiration rate, the yield of PPX,PPK, the integrity of plasma membrane and the content of MLSS,MLVSS in the system were inhibited or destroyed to a certain extent, and with the increase of Zn O-NPs concentration. The damage effect was enhanced. 1 mg/L Zn O-NPs did not inhibit the above indexes. High-throughput sequencing analysis of microbial community diversity showed that adding 10 mg/L Zn O-NPs particles increased the microbial diversity, but the high concentration of Zn O-NPs (20 mg/L) had a great impact on the system, and the microbes could not adjust to resist the impact. Community diversity analysis showed that the microbial community in the system was affected by Zn O-NPs, and there were cluster differences, and the greater the concentration of nanoparticles, the more obvious the difference. The percentage of dominant Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes,Actinobacteria in the community changed with the addition of nanoparticles, the (Rhodocyclales) abundance of Phosphorus was decreased and the abundance of Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria increased, which resulted in the failure of phosphorus removal in the system. In addition, the addition of Zn O-NPs increased the abundance of bacterial Zoogloea, which was resistant to heavy metals, and decreased the abundance of bacterial Haliscomenobacter related to activated sludge bulking.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X703
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