钴的富集植物筛选
发布时间：2018-08-27 13:38
【摘要】：低浓度钴是植物生长的重要元素,而高浓度钴通过食物链进入人体后会严重影响身体健康,通过植物修复水体或土壤中的有害物质已有广泛研究,其中对有害物质的富集植物筛选为重中之重。本文通过9种植物种子的发芽试验、30种植物的模拟钴污染水体试验及模拟钴污染土壤试验,比较在不同钴处理浓度下各植物的生长及对钴的吸收转运富集能力,探讨不同植物对钴的耐受能力及吸收富集机理,以期筛选出钴的富集植物,为钴污染的植物修复方法提供理论基础和技术储备。主要研究结果如下:(1)通过对9种植物种子发芽试验表明:各处理浓度(20、40、80、120 mg/L)钴对甜高粱和油菜的发芽无显著影响;在低浓度(20 mg/L)下,钴对供试种子的发芽表现出促进作用,随着浓度的升高,钴对大多数种子的发芽表现出抑制作用,其中萝卜在120 mg/L时种子发芽率(80%)仍然高于对照(74%),其余植物均低于对照,说明在高浓度时钴仍会促进萝卜种子的发芽,对于其他6种植物则表现出毒害作用。当钴浓度达120 mg/L时,供试植物种子钴含量是对照(0 mg/L)的5.78-459.17倍,钴含量最大的油菜为2399.15 mg/kg。由于植物品种的差异,不同植物的生物量具有显著性差异,豌豆的单粒生物量最大(301.14 mg)。甜高粱和油菜在钴胁迫下表现出较强的耐受性及对钴表现出较强的吸收能力。(2)通过对30种植物在钴污染水体中研究表明,在80、120、160 mg/L时,倒挂金钟的地上及单株生物量均显著高于其他植物。各植物不同部位的钴含量及富集量均随钴浓度的增加而增大,其中绿萝的地上部钴含量在各浓度下均最高,倒挂金钟的根部钴含量在各浓度下均显著高于其他植物,在40 mg/L时,绿萝的单株地上部钴富集量最大,为1338.89μg,在80、120、160 mg/L时,倒挂金钟的单株地上部钴富集量为最大,在各处理浓度下,倒挂金钟的根部和单株钴富集量均最高;在各处理浓度,绿萝的地上部及单株富集系数均最高,倒挂金钟的地上部富集量系数、根部富集系数、根部及单株富集量系数均最高;在各处理浓度下,绿萝、紫罗兰、羽叶鬼针草的转运系数均大于1;绝大多数植物的转运量系数在不同浓度下均大于1。所以,倒挂金钟、绿萝、羽叶鬼针草和紫罗兰可能是潜在的钴富集植物。(3)通过对倒挂金钟、绿萝、常春藤、羽叶鬼针草和紫罗兰5种植物在盆栽钴污染土壤中研究表明,倒挂金钟一直表现出正生长且生物量均高于其他植物,绿萝、常春藤、羽叶鬼针草和紫罗兰4种植物在钴浓度为120 mg/kg时的生长情况与60 mg/kg时相比较弱,但均高于空白对照组。比较5种植物在不同钴浓度处理下对钴的吸收转运富集能力可知,绿萝和倒挂金钟对钴的吸收富集能力较强,在60 mg/kg时,各植物单株钴富集量大小顺序为:倒挂金钟(48.30μg)绿萝(36.62μg)常春藤(33.59μg)羽叶鬼针草(25.26μg)紫罗兰(14.07μg);绿萝的地上部(0.91)和单株钴富集系数(0.93)均高于其他植物,绿萝的转运系数最高,为0.95。在120 mg/kg时,倒挂金钟的地上部、根部及单株钴富集量均显著高于其他植物,绿萝的地上部及单株钴富集系数均大于1,且显著大于其他植物,分别为1.14和1.20,羽叶鬼针草的根部富集系数(2.35)最大,绿萝(1.43)次之;转运系数大于0.5的植物有绿萝(0.80)、常春藤(0.72)和紫罗兰(0.54)3种。可见在污染土壤中,绿萝和倒挂金钟对钴的吸收转运富集能力较强,可能为钴的富集植物。
[Abstract]:Low concentration of cobalt is an important element in plant growth, and high concentration of cobalt through the food chain will seriously affect human health, through phytoremediation of harmful substances in water or soil has been widely studied, of which the enrichment of harmful substances screened as the most important. Simulated cobalt-polluted water and simulated cobalt-polluted soil experiments were conducted to compare the growth of plants and their ability to absorb, transport and enrich cobalt under different concentrations of cobalt, and to explore the tolerance of different plants to cobalt and the mechanism of its absorption and enrichment, so as to screen out cobalt-enriched plants and provide theoretical basis for phytoremediation methods of cobalt pollution. The main results are as follows: (1) Seed germination tests of 9 species showed that cobalt treatment concentrations (20,40,80,120 mg/L) had no significant effect on the germination of sweet sorghum and rape; at low concentration (20 mg/L), cobalt promoted the germination of tested seeds; with the increase of cobalt concentration, the germination of most seeds appeared. The seed germination rate (80%) of radish at 120 mg/L was still higher than that of control (74%). The other plants were all lower than that of control, indicating that cobalt still promoted the seed germination of radish at high concentration, but it was toxic to other six plants. When the concentration of cobalt reached 120 mg/L, the cobalt content of the tested plants was 5.7% of the control (0 mg/L). 8-459.17 times, the highest content of cobalt in rape was 2399.15 mg/kg. Due to the difference of plant varieties, the biomass of different plants was significantly different, and the single-grain biomass of pea was the largest (301.14 mg). Sweet sorghum and rape showed strong tolerance and strong absorption of cobalt under cobalt stress. The results showed that the above-ground and individual biomass of Jinzhong were significantly higher than those of other plants at 80,120,160 mg/L. The cobalt content and enrichment in different parts of plants increased with the increase of cobalt concentration. The cobalt content in the above-ground part of Luoluo was the highest at all concentrations, and that in the root of Jinzhong was the highest at all concentrations. At 40 mg/L, the cobalt enrichment per plant was the highest, which was 1338.89 ug. At 80,120,160 mg/L, the cobalt enrichment per plant was the highest. At all treatment concentrations, the cobalt enrichment per plant and roots of Jinzhong was the highest. The above-ground enrichment coefficient, root enrichment coefficient, root enrichment coefficient and individual plant enrichment coefficient were the highest; under each treatment concentration, the transport coefficient of green radish, violet, Bidens pinnatifida were all greater than 1; the transport coefficient of most plants were greater than 1 under different concentrations. Grass and violet may be potential cobalt-enriched plants. (3) Through the study of five plants in potted cobalt-polluted soil, the results showed that the plant had been growing positively and its biomass was higher than that of other plants, including green Luo, Ivy, Dioscorea pinnatifida and violet. The growth of plants at 120 mg/kg was weaker than that at 60 mg/kg, but higher than that in the blank control group. Comparing the absorption, transport and enrichment ability of five plants at different cobalt concentrations, the absorption and enrichment ability of cobalt by green Luo and inverted Jinzhong were stronger. At 60 mg/kg, the order of the cobalt enrichment of each plant was inverted Jinzhong. (48.30 ug) green Luo (36.62 ug) Ivy (33.59 ug) Dioscorea pinnatifida (25.26 ug) Violet (14.07 ug); Green Luo (0.91 ug) and Cobalt Enrichment Cobalt Enrichment Coefficient per Plant (0.93) were higher than other plants, the transfer coefficient of green Luo (0.95.120 mg/kg) was the highest, and the cobalt enrichment of roots and individual plants were significantly higher than other plants. Cobalt enrichment coefficients of the above-ground and individual plants were higher than 1, and were significantly higher than those of other plants, 1.14 and 1.20, respectively. The root enrichment coefficients of Dioscorea pinnatifida (2.35) were the highest, followed by Dioscorea aurantia (1.43), and the plants with transport coefficients greater than 0.5 were Dioscorea aurantia (0.80), Ivy (0.72) and Violet (0.54). Clocks have strong ability to absorb and transport cobalt, which may be cobalt enrichment plants.
【学位授予单位】：西南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X173
本文编号：2207457
[Abstract]:Low concentration of cobalt is an important element in plant growth, and high concentration of cobalt through the food chain will seriously affect human health, through phytoremediation of harmful substances in water or soil has been widely studied, of which the enrichment of harmful substances screened as the most important. Simulated cobalt-polluted water and simulated cobalt-polluted soil experiments were conducted to compare the growth of plants and their ability to absorb, transport and enrich cobalt under different concentrations of cobalt, and to explore the tolerance of different plants to cobalt and the mechanism of its absorption and enrichment, so as to screen out cobalt-enriched plants and provide theoretical basis for phytoremediation methods of cobalt pollution. The main results are as follows: (1) Seed germination tests of 9 species showed that cobalt treatment concentrations (20,40,80,120 mg/L) had no significant effect on the germination of sweet sorghum and rape; at low concentration (20 mg/L), cobalt promoted the germination of tested seeds; with the increase of cobalt concentration, the germination of most seeds appeared. The seed germination rate (80%) of radish at 120 mg/L was still higher than that of control (74%). The other plants were all lower than that of control, indicating that cobalt still promoted the seed germination of radish at high concentration, but it was toxic to other six plants. When the concentration of cobalt reached 120 mg/L, the cobalt content of the tested plants was 5.7% of the control (0 mg/L). 8-459.17 times, the highest content of cobalt in rape was 2399.15 mg/kg. Due to the difference of plant varieties, the biomass of different plants was significantly different, and the single-grain biomass of pea was the largest (301.14 mg). Sweet sorghum and rape showed strong tolerance and strong absorption of cobalt under cobalt stress. The results showed that the above-ground and individual biomass of Jinzhong were significantly higher than those of other plants at 80,120,160 mg/L. The cobalt content and enrichment in different parts of plants increased with the increase of cobalt concentration. The cobalt content in the above-ground part of Luoluo was the highest at all concentrations, and that in the root of Jinzhong was the highest at all concentrations. At 40 mg/L, the cobalt enrichment per plant was the highest, which was 1338.89 ug. At 80,120,160 mg/L, the cobalt enrichment per plant was the highest. At all treatment concentrations, the cobalt enrichment per plant and roots of Jinzhong was the highest. The above-ground enrichment coefficient, root enrichment coefficient, root enrichment coefficient and individual plant enrichment coefficient were the highest; under each treatment concentration, the transport coefficient of green radish, violet, Bidens pinnatifida were all greater than 1; the transport coefficient of most plants were greater than 1 under different concentrations. Grass and violet may be potential cobalt-enriched plants. (3) Through the study of five plants in potted cobalt-polluted soil, the results showed that the plant had been growing positively and its biomass was higher than that of other plants, including green Luo, Ivy, Dioscorea pinnatifida and violet. The growth of plants at 120 mg/kg was weaker than that at 60 mg/kg, but higher than that in the blank control group. Comparing the absorption, transport and enrichment ability of five plants at different cobalt concentrations, the absorption and enrichment ability of cobalt by green Luo and inverted Jinzhong were stronger. At 60 mg/kg, the order of the cobalt enrichment of each plant was inverted Jinzhong. (48.30 ug) green Luo (36.62 ug) Ivy (33.59 ug) Dioscorea pinnatifida (25.26 ug) Violet (14.07 ug); Green Luo (0.91 ug) and Cobalt Enrichment Cobalt Enrichment Coefficient per Plant (0.93) were higher than other plants, the transfer coefficient of green Luo (0.95.120 mg/kg) was the highest, and the cobalt enrichment of roots and individual plants were significantly higher than other plants. Cobalt enrichment coefficients of the above-ground and individual plants were higher than 1, and were significantly higher than those of other plants, 1.14 and 1.20, respectively. The root enrichment coefficients of Dioscorea pinnatifida (2.35) were the highest, followed by Dioscorea aurantia (1.43), and the plants with transport coefficients greater than 0.5 were Dioscorea aurantia (0.80), Ivy (0.72) and Violet (0.54). Clocks have strong ability to absorb and transport cobalt, which may be cobalt enrichment plants.
【学位授予单位】：西南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X173
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前6条
1 谢洪科;邹朝晖;彭选明;邓钢桥;陈浩;黄敏;李先;张乐平;;重金属钴污染土壤的修复研究进展[J];现代农业科技;2013年07期
2 徐冬平;王丹;曾超;贺佳;吴鹏超;李黎;代威;陈浩;;钴在蚕豆中积累与分布的动态变化[J];安全与环境学报;2014年02期
3 廖晓勇,陈同斌,谢华,肖细元;磷肥对砷污染土壤的植物修复效率的影响:田间实例研究[J];环境科学学报;2004年03期
4 黄运湘;廖柏寒;王志坤;;超积累植物的富集特征及耐性机理[J];湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版);2005年06期
5 张海燕;刘阳;李娟;卢海威;;重金属污染土壤修复技术综述[J];四川环境;2010年06期
6 吴胜春,骆永明,蒋先军,李振高,赵其国,吴龙华,乔显亮,宋静;重金属污染土壤的植物修复研究Ⅱ.金属富集植物Brassica juncea根际土壤中微生物数量的变化[J];土壤;2000年02期
，本文编号：2207457
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/kejilunwen/huanjinggongchenglunwen/2207457.html
最近更新
教材专著
