啶虫脒和杀螟硫磷在烟田中的残留消解及其吸附

发布时间：2018-09-01 06:57

【摘要】：为了研究啶虫脒和杀螟硫磷在烟田中使用后的残留消解情况,及时全面准确地评价其生态环境行为,指导啶虫脒和杀螟硫磷及其相关制剂的科学合理施用。本文通过添加回收率实验研究并建立了烟田样品中啶虫脒和杀螟硫磷残留量的同时分析与检测方法,并在此基础上,通过田间试验和室内检测分析,较为系统地研究了20%啶虫脒·杀螟硫磷水乳剂在烟田中使用后其有效成分啶虫脒和杀螟硫磷在烟田土壤、烤烟叶和鲜烟叶中的残留消解情况,初步提出了20%啶虫脒·杀螟硫磷水乳剂在烟田中科学合理使用的建议。另外,还研究了啶虫脒或杀螟硫磷在六种供试土壤中的吸附行为与规律,及其影响因素；同时还研究了不同种类和用量的活性炭对啶虫脒或杀螟硫磷在六种供试土壤中吸附的影响。本研究的主要结果如下：(1)研究并建立了高效气相色谱法(GC-ECD)同时分析与检测啶虫脒和杀螟硫磷在烟田样品中残留量的技术方法。当啶虫脒或杀螟硫磷的添加浓度在0.05～1.00mg/kg范围时,啶虫脒或杀螟硫磷在烟田样品中的回收率为71.36%-106.28%之间,相对标准偏差为1.51%-9.20%。啶虫脒(或杀螟硫磷)的最小检出量均为5.0×10×g,其在烟田土壤、烤烟叶、鲜烟叶中的最低检出浓度均为0.05mg/kg。结果表明：该分析与检测方法符合农药残留量分析与检测的技术要求,可以应用于实际样品的分析与检测。(2)于2013年和2014年在湖南长沙和山东青岛进行了20%啶虫脒·杀螟硫磷水乳剂在烟田中的残留试验,结果表明：啶虫脒或杀螟硫磷在烟田土壤和鲜烟叶中的消解半衰期(T1/2)分别为3.32d～11.61d、2.35d～6.21d,这说明啶虫脒和杀螟硫磷在烟田中消解较快,属易消解农药,不会造成累积性残留。将20%啶虫脒·杀螟硫磷水乳剂按低剂药量300 g/ha和高剂药量450g/ha分别在烟田中施药2-3次,结果表明：在施药后35d,啶虫脒和杀螟硫磷在烤烟叶中的残留量均低于1.3305mg/kg,小于啶虫脒在我国农业行业标准(NY 1500-2007)制定的烟叶最大残留量限值10.0mg/kg(3)啶虫脒或杀螟硫磷在六种供试土壤中的吸附平衡时间为24h,用Freundlich和线性等温吸附方程拟合啶虫脒或杀螟硫磷在六种供试土壤中的吸附过程,其相关系数均达0.85以上。杀螟硫磷在六种供试土壤中的吸附大小顺序为吉林黑土广西红壤湖南潮土河南潮土湖南红壤山东褐土；而啶虫脒在六种供试土壤中的吸附大小顺序为广西红壤湖南红壤湖南潮土吉林黑土山东褐土河南潮土。(4)不同种类和用量的活性炭的加入,使杀螟硫磷在六种供试土壤中的吸附量有所提高,而啶虫脒在六种供试土壤中的吸附量有所下降。
[Abstract]:In order to study the residue digestion of acetamiprid and fenitrothion in tobacco field, evaluate their ecological environment behavior in time and accurately, and guide the scientific and rational application of acetamiprid and fenitrothion and their related preparations, the residues of acetamiprid and fenitrothion in tobacco field samples were studied and established by adding recovery experiments. The residue digestion of acetamiprid and Acetamiprid in tobacco field soil, flue-cured tobacco leaves and fresh tobacco leaves was studied systematically by field test and laboratory test. In addition, the adsorption behavior and regularity of acetamiprid or fenitrothion in six tested soils and its influencing factors were studied, and the effects of different kinds and dosages of activated carbon on the adsorption of acetamiprid or fenitrothion in six tested soils were also studied. The main results are as follows: (1) A high performance gas chromatography (GC-ECD) method was developed for simultaneous analysis and determination of acetamiprid and parathion residues in tobacco field samples. The relative standard deviation was 1.51%-9.20%. The minimum detectable amount of Acetamiprid (or Trimethoprim) was 5.0 The results showed that the half-lives (T1/2) of acetamiprid and Acetamiprid in tobacco soil and fresh tobacco leaves were 3.32-11.61 d, 2.35-6.21 d, respectively. The results showed that the residues of acetamiprid and parathion in flue-cured tobacco leaves were lower than 1.33 on the 35th day after the application of acetamiprid and parathion in flue-cured tobacco leaves. 05mg/kg, less than the maximum residue limit of 10.0mg/kg(3) of acetamiprid or fenitrothion in the six tested soils set by China's Agricultural Industry Standard (NY 1500-2007). The adsorption equilibrium time of acetamiprid or fenitrothion in the six tested soils was 24 hours. The adsorption process of acetamiprid or fenitrothion in the six tested soils was fitted by Freundlich and linear isothermal adsorption equation. The adsorption order of pyrimidine in the six tested soils was Jilin black soil, Guangxi red soil, Hunan fluvo soil, Henan fluvo soil, Hunan red soil, Hunan red soil, Shandong brown soil, Hunan red soil, and Acetamiprid in the six tested soils was Henan fluvo soil, Jilin black soil, Hunan red soil, Hunan fluvo soil, and Jilin black soil, Henan fluvo soil, Henan fluvo soil. (4) The addition of activated carbon with different kinds and amounts increased the adsorption of thiophosphorus in the six tested soils, while the adsorption of Acetamiprid in the six tested soils decreased.
【学位授予单位】：湖南农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X592

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