江西省生态安全格局构建

发布时间：2018-09-07 19:28

【摘要】：生态安全格局是在了解区域生态环境现状的基础上,为改善生态环境问题和保护生态环境,通过对区域内的自然要素和人为要素进行规划设计和布局组合,得到由点、线、面构成的空间要素优化配置方案。生态安全格局作为实现区域生态安全的重要手段和途径,为生态环境管理和保护提供了提供新方法。本文以江西省为研究区,基于景观生态安全格局、生态安全评价和生态系统服务理论,结合RS和GIS技术,系统分析了2000年、2005年和2010年生态安全状况及其变化趋势。采用生态服务重要性评价和生态敏感性评价方法,划定江西省生态红线范围。在生态安全评价结果和生态红线划分结果的基础上,利用最小累积阻力模型,构建江西省生态安全格局。本文研究的主要内容和结论如下：(1)结合生态安全评价和生态系统健康评价构建了江西省生态安全评价指标体系,综合评价分析江西省2000年至2010年的生态安全状况及其变化趋势。评价结果显示江西省2000年、2005年、2010年的生态安全指数平均值分别为63.0794、63.3211、63.2933,生态安全水平随时间呈现出先上升后下降趋势,但整体变化较小。在生态安全评价结果中,全省有74.29%、76.24%、75.68%的区域处于较安全或安全等级,因此江西省生态安全状况较好。(2)以行政区为单元,综合分析2000年、2005年、2010年的江西省各市生态安全评价结果后认为：抚州市是江西省各地市中生态安全水平最高的城市,萍乡市生态安全水平最低。吉安市、景德镇市和宜春市的生态安全水平相对高于其他各地市,但次于抚州市。鹰潭市、上饶市和赣州市三市生态安全水平处于中等水平。而新余市、南昌市、九江市是除萍乡市以外生态安全水平最低的城市。(3)通过生物多样性保护功能、土壤保持功能、水源涵养功能等生态系统服务重要性评价以及水土流失敏感性和地质灾害敏感性评价等评价结果,综合划定江西省生态红线,其总面积为59608.16km2,占全省面积的35.71%。生态红线区域主要分布在东北部的怀玉山,东部沿省界延伸的武夷山,南部的南岭,西部与西北部的罗霄山、九岭山、幕阜山地区,鄱阳湖区和江西中部的雩山地区。在生态红线区域内,林地分布面积最多,为86.95%,其次是湿地,其他土地利用类型分布较少。(4)本文以2010年生态安全评价结果中的较安全、安全等级区域和生态红线区作为生态安全格局构建的生态“源地”,以较不安全、不安全等级区域和城镇建设用地作为城镇用地扩张源地。基于最小累积阻力模型分别计算其最小累积阻力值,通过最小累积阻力差值确定生态廊道、辐射通道和关键生态战略节点等生态安全格局组分,综合构建江西省生态安全格局。其中低水平生态安全格局面积为68465.63km2,占全省国土面积的41.01%；中水平生态安全格局和高水平生态安全格局面积分别是56086.52km2,26013.70km2,各占研究区总面积的33.60%,15.58%。
[Abstract]:Ecological security pattern is based on the understanding of the current situation of the regional ecological environment, in order to improve the ecological environment problems and protect the ecological environment, by planning and designing the natural and human elements in the region, we can get the points and lines. The optimal allocation scheme of spatial elements formed by plane. As an important means and way to realize regional ecological security, ecological security pattern provides a new method for ecological environment management and protection. Based on landscape ecological security pattern, ecological security assessment and ecosystem service theory, combined with RS and GIS technology, this paper systematically analyzed the ecological security situation and its changing trend in 2000, 2005 and 2010 in Jiangxi Province. Ecological service importance evaluation and ecological sensitivity evaluation were adopted to delimit the range of ecological red line in Jiangxi Province. Based on the results of ecological security evaluation and the division of ecological red lines, the ecological security pattern of Jiangxi Province was constructed by using the minimum cumulative resistance model. The main contents and conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) the ecological security evaluation index system of Jiangxi Province is constructed by combining ecological security assessment with ecosystem health assessment. Comprehensive evaluation and analysis of Jiangxi Province from 2000 to 2010 ecological security situation and its changing trend. The results showed that the average ecological security index in Jiangxi Province in 2000, 2005 and 2010 was 63.0794, 63.32111.63.2933, respectively. The level of ecological security increased first and then decreased with time, but the overall change was relatively small. Of the ecological security evaluation results, 74.29 and 75.68% of the regions in Jiangxi Province are in the safe or safe grade. Therefore, the ecological security situation in Jiangxi Province is better. (2) take the administrative region as the unit, After comprehensive analysis of the ecological security evaluation results of Jiangxi Province in 2000, 2005 and 2010, it is concluded that Fuzhou is the city with the highest level of ecological security, and Pingxiang has the lowest level of ecological security. The ecological safety level of Ji'an, Jingdezhen and Yichun is higher than that of other cities, but it is inferior to Fuzhou. Yingtan City, Shangrao City and Ganzhou City three cities ecological security level in the medium level. While Xinyu, Nanchang and Jiujiang are the cities with the lowest level of ecological security except Pingxiang. (3) soil conservation functions through biodiversity conservation, The evaluation results of importance of ecosystem services such as water conservation function, sensitivity of soil and water loss and sensitivity of geological hazards, and so on, comprehensively delineate the ecological red line of Jiangxi Province, with a total area of 59608.16 km ~ 2, accounting for 35.71% of the province's area. The ecological red line is mainly distributed in Huayu Mountain in the northeast, Wuyi Mountain in the east along the province boundary, Nanling in the south, Luo Xiao Mountain in the west and northwest, Jiuling Mountain, Mufu Mountain area, Poyang Lake area and the Gaoshan area in the central Jiangxi Province. In the region of ecological red line, forest land distribution area is the most, 86.95, followed by wetland, and other land use types are less. (4) the result of ecological security evaluation in 2010 is safer in this paper. The safety grade region and the ecological red line area are regarded as the ecological "source" for the construction of the ecological security pattern, and the unsafe, unsafe grade regions and the urban construction land are used as the urban land expansion sources. Based on the minimum cumulative resistance model, the minimum cumulative resistance value was calculated, and the ecological security pattern components such as ecological corridor, radiation channel and key ecological strategic node were determined by the minimum cumulative resistance difference, and the ecological security pattern of Jiangxi Province was constructed synthetically. The area of low level ecological security pattern was 68465.63 km2, accounting for 41.01 of the whole province's land area, and the middle level ecological security pattern and the high level ecological security pattern area were 56086.52 km2 ~ 26013.70 km ~ 2, accounting for 33.60 ~ 15.58 km ~ (2) of the total area of the study area respectively.
【学位授予单位】：南京信息工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X171.4

【参考文献】