西大洋水库浮游动物群落结构及水质综合评价

发布时间：2018-09-09 16:20

【摘要】：西大洋水库自2003年成为百万级城市的饮用水供给水源,北京地区应急水源地,目前是南水北调工程中线的输水枢纽,华北平原中部地区库区规模最大、水域功能最强,集城市供水、防洪、灌溉、发电等综合利用的大I型水库。为研究西大洋水库浮游动物群落的时空分布动态变化,分析其与库区水体环境影响因子的关系,并评价水体环境质量,对水库营养类型进行判定,于2014年1月、4-12月对西大洋水库进行采样,设置样点11个,调查分析了西大洋水库浮游动物的种类组成、优势种、密度、生物量、多样性指数及水体环境因子,对浮游动物和环境因子进行了相关性分析、广义加性模型GAM分析和典范对应CCA分析,探究西大洋水库浮游动物生物指标与水质影响因子的相关关系,应用综合营养状态指数、水质化学评价指数及浮游动物现存量、多样性指数、污染指示种等评价方法对西大洋水库水质和营养化程度进行评定。以期为西大洋水库水域生态的研究提供基础数据,为西大洋水库增强水体自净能力,降低营养化水平,优化其水源地功能,持续保持清洁水体现状,提供生态学支撑和依据。本研究的主要结果如下：1、西大洋水库调查期间共鉴定浮游动物16科36属64种,其中轮虫8科18属39种,占61%,枝角类4科9属11种,占17%,桡足类4科9属14种,占22%,夏秋季种类数最多,春季次之,冬季最少,浮游动物年均密度469 ind./L,年均生物量3.55 mg/L。浮游动物优势种共有11种,其中轮虫有6种,枝角类和桡足类各2种,优势种年均密度为351 ind./L,占总密度71%,年均生物量为2.52 mg/L,占年均总生物量的68%。浮游动物Shannon-Weaner多样性指数变化范围1.9-3.57,年均值为2.9,Margalef丰富度指数变化范围为1.12-3.32,年均值为2.6,Simpson指数均小于1,年均值为0.8,三种多样性指数均表现为夏秋季高,冬春季低,各样点间分布趋势不明显。2、西大洋水库浮游动物群落结构的主要指标(种类数、密度和生物量及多样性指数、丰富度指数)均与水温呈极显著正相关,影响密度和生物量的主要水质因子为叶绿素a、总氮和溶解氧,种类数与透明度呈极显著正相关,与总磷呈极显著负相关。广义加性模型GAM分析显示,种类数与水温为显著相关关系,生物量与叶绿素a含量为显著相关关系,密度与叶绿素a含量存在一定的线性关系,与溶解氧之间的关系为显著,与水温之间为显著相关且不存在线性关系。利用CCA分析显示,水温是影响西大洋水库浮游动物群落的决定性因子,其次为叶绿素a和营养盐,轮虫主要受水温、叶绿素a的影响,浮游甲壳类与透明度、溶解氧相关性较大,水温、总氮、叶绿素a是浮游动物优势种的主要影响因子,呈显著正相关。3、运用浮游动物密度及生物量指标、多样性指数、环境指示种、轮虫Q值等生物学评价方法,结合水质化学评价指数和综合营养状态指数,对西大洋水库水质及富营养化状况进行了综合评价。应用多样性指数法和环境指示种的水质评价结果,与水质化学评价指数显示的结果一致,西大洋水库水体为清洁水体至β-中污型,综合来看西大洋水库水质良好,达到II类地表水标准,符合其作为供水水源地的水质要求。应用综合营养状态指数和浮游动物生物指标对西大洋水库营养化水平进行评定,判定西大洋水库为中营养型。
[Abstract]:Xidayang Reservoir has become the drinking water supply source of millions of cities since 2003. The emergency water source of Beijing area is now the water transmission hub of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project. The central part of North China Plain is the largest reservoir with the strongest water function. It is a large I reservoir with comprehensive utilization of water supply, flood control, irrigation and power generation. The spatial and temporal distribution of zooplankton community in the reservoir was analyzed, and the relationship between zooplankton community and environmental impact factors in the reservoir area was analyzed. The water environmental quality was evaluated, and the nutrient types of the reservoir were determined. Species, Density, Biomass, Diversity Index and Water Environmental Factors were analyzed. GAM analysis and CCA analysis were used to explore the correlation between the biological indexes of zooplankton and the influencing factors of water quality in the Western Ocean Reservoir. The water quality and nutrient level of Xidayang Reservoir were evaluated by the methods of the number of zooplankton, diversity index, pollution indicator species and so on, in order to provide basic data for the ecological research of Xidayang Reservoir, to enhance the self-purification ability of Xidayang Reservoir, to reduce the nutrient level, to optimize the function of its source area, and to maintain the clean water continuously. The main results of this study are as follows: 1. A total of 64 species of zooplankton belonging to 36 genera and 16 families were identified during the investigation period of Xidayang Reservoir. Among them, 39 species belonging to 18 genera of 8 families, accounting for 61%, 11 species belonging to 9 genera of 4 families of cladocera, 17%, 14 species belonging to 9 genera of 4 families of copepods, accounting for 22%, the most species in summer and autumn, followed by spring, the least in winter and phytoplankton. The average annual density of zooplankton was 469 ind. / L and the average annual biomass was 3.55 mg / L. There were 11 dominant species of zooplankton, including 6 rotifers, 2 Cladocera and 2 copepods. The average annual density of dominant species was 351 ind. / L, accounting for 71% of the total density, and the average annual biomass was 2.52 mg / L, accounting for 68% of the total biomass. - 3.57, annual average value is 2.9, Margalef richness index varies from 1.12 to 3.32, annual average value is 2.6, Simpson index is less than 1, annual average value is 0.8, three kinds of diversity index are high in summer and autumn, low in winter and spring, the distribution trend between different points is not obvious. 2, the main index of zooplankton community structure in the Western Ocean Reservoir (species number, density and growth) The main water quality factors affecting density and biomass were chlorophyll a, total nitrogen and dissolved oxygen. The number of species was positively correlated with transparency and negatively correlated with total phosphorus. There was a significant correlation between biomass and chlorophyll a content, a linear relationship between density and chlorophyll a content, a significant relationship with dissolved oxygen, a significant correlation with water temperature and no linear relationship. Chlorophyll A and nutrients, rotifers are mainly affected by water temperature, chlorophyll a, planktonic crustaceans and transparency, dissolved oxygen correlation is greater, water temperature, total nitrogen, chlorophyll a are the dominant species of zooplankton, the main influencing factors are significantly positive correlation. 3. The use of zooplankton density and biomass indicators, diversity index, environmental indicators, rotifer Q value and so on. The water quality and eutrophication status of Xidayang Reservoir were comprehensively evaluated by biochemical evaluation method combined with water quality chemical evaluation index and comprehensive nutrition state index. The water quality of Xiyang Reservoir is good, which meets Class II surface water standard and meets the water quality requirement of Xiyang Reservoir as water supply source.
【学位授予单位】：宁夏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：Q958.8;X824

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