横流式生物滤池处理微污染地表水的研究
发布时间：2018-09-10 17:53
【摘要】：当今人工水体由于其自身没有自净能力,无法维持生态平衡,导致湖泊富营养化较为严重,截污从根本上可以将湖泊污染问题解决,但实施起来有一定的难度,其他技术耗资也较大,因此寻找适合我国国情并且与环境协调可持续发展的新工艺有利于治理湖泊环境污染问题。本研究针对微污染地表水,采用横流式生物滤池工艺,起初通过示踪试验对流态进行分析,其次启动挂膜,采用自然挂膜的方式,启动阶段水力负荷为0.08 m3/(m2·h),60d后氨氮的去除率稳定在90%,CODCr的去除率稳定在60%,挂膜成功后从水力负荷为0.16m3/(m2·h)逐渐加大水力负荷至0.80m3/(m2·h),研究水力负荷对滤池处理效能的影响,并且在水力负荷0.80m3/(m2·h)下通过转换进水方式对比不同进水方式下滤池的脱氮效能,与此同时分析不同进水方式下生物量的变化情况,探讨内源反硝化机理,研究结果表明:(1)通过脉冲刺激响应的技术研究反应器内的流态,结果显示反应器内存在短流或循环流动,并且2qs得0.34,表明滤池内流动状态偏向于推流式;(2)在不同的水力负荷下,氨氮和CODCr的去除率波动较大,从起初的HRL为0.16m3/(m2·h)到最终的HRL为0.80m3/(m2·h),氨氨氮去除率相对起初的去除率值降低了12个百分点,表明水力负荷对氨氮的去除效果有一定影响;CODCr的去除率反而上升了4.48个百分点,表明滤池抗冲击负荷能力强;硝氮的去除率降低了不到1个百分点,亚硝氮去除率降低了21个百分点,TN去除率几乎不变,浊度去除率都在90%以上;(3)从正向进水到反向进水的运行过程中,滤池对硝氮的去除率由10.96%上升到27.22%,亚硝氮去除率有63.92%上升到74.71%,而氨氮的去除率由67.55%降低到50.89%,以及CODCr的去除率由64.15%降低到46.11%,出水浊度也有所上升,滤池对TN的去除效果有所提高由31.18%升到35.10%,上述现象推断滤池内发生了内源反硝化。在整个运行过程中,机械截留和物理吸附占主导作用,微生物的降解作用较少,并且通过对溶解有机质的EEM光谱分析得知,两种进水方式下腐植酸类物质是水中主要的溶解性有机物,并且其可生化性差,不同进水方式去除效果相差不大。(4)通过比较每一级生物量的变化情况,针对Ⅰ级生物滤池的生物量变化情况进行分析,得出内源反硝化过程中会释放氨氮,并且p H有所上升。随着运行时间的延长,内源反硝化速率逐渐增大,致使TN去除率逐渐上升。
[Abstract]:Because the artificial water body has no self-purification ability, it can not maintain the ecological balance, which leads to the serious eutrophication of the lake. The pollution interception can solve the pollution problem of the lake fundamentally, but it is difficult to carry out. Other technologies are also expensive, so finding a new process suitable for China's national conditions and harmonious and sustainable development with the environment is conducive to the treatment of lake environmental pollution. In this study, the cross flow biofilter process was used to analyze the convection state of micro-polluted surface water. The removal rate of ammonia-nitrogen was stable at 90m ~ (3 / (m ~ 2) h) 60 d after hydraulic loading of 0.08 m ~ (3 / (m ~ 2) h) in start-up stage, and the removal rate of COD _ (Cr) was stable at ~ (60). After the membrane was successfully suspended, the hydraulic load was increased from 0.16m3/ (m ~ 2 h) to 0.80m3/ (m ~ 2 ~ 2 h),). The effect of hydraulic load on the treatment efficiency of filter was studied. At the same time, the denitrification efficiency of the filter under different influent modes was compared under hydraulic loading 0.80m3/ (m 2h), and the change of biomass under different influent conditions was analyzed, and the mechanism of endogenous denitrification was discussed. The results show that: (1) the flow state in the reactor is studied by pulse stimulation response technique. The results show that there is a short flow or circulating flow in the reactor, and the 2qs is 0.34, which indicates that the flow state in the filter tends to push flow; (2) under different hydraulic loads, The removal rate of ammonia-nitrogen and CODCr fluctuated greatly, from the initial HRL to the final HRL being 0.16m3/ (m2h) to the final HRL (m2-h), ammonia-nitrogen removal rate) decreased by 12 percentage points compared with the original removal rate. The results show that the removal rate of CODCr increases by 4.48 percentage points, and the removal rate of nitrate nitrogen decreases by less than 1 percentage point, which indicates that the hydraulic load has a certain effect on the removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen, and the removal rate of CODCr has increased by 4.48 percentage points. The removal rate of nitrite nitrogen was reduced by 21 percentage points and the removal rate of TN was almost unchanged, and the turbidity removal rate was above 90%. (3) in the process of running from forward to reverse influent, The removal rate of nitrite nitrogen in filter increased from 10.96% to 27.22%, the removal rate of nitrite nitrogen increased from 63.92% to 74.71%, the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen decreased from 67.55% to 50.89%, and the removal rate of CODCr decreased from 64.15% to 46.11. The turbidity of effluent also increased. The removal efficiency of TN in the filter increased from 31.18% to 35.10%, and it was inferred that endogenous denitrification occurred in the filter. In the whole operation process, mechanical interception and physical adsorption play a dominant role, and the degradation of microorganisms is less, and through the EEM spectrum analysis of dissolved organic matter, it is known that, Humic acid is the main dissolved organic matter in water under two influent conditions, and its biodegradability is poor, and the removal efficiency of different influent ways is not different. (4) by comparing the change of biomass of each grade, Based on the analysis of biomass change of the first grade biofilter, it was concluded that ammonia nitrogen would be released during endogenous denitrification and pH would be increased. With the prolongation of running time, the rate of endogenous denitrification increased and the removal rate of TN increased gradually.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X52
[Abstract]:Because the artificial water body has no self-purification ability, it can not maintain the ecological balance, which leads to the serious eutrophication of the lake. The pollution interception can solve the pollution problem of the lake fundamentally, but it is difficult to carry out. Other technologies are also expensive, so finding a new process suitable for China's national conditions and harmonious and sustainable development with the environment is conducive to the treatment of lake environmental pollution. In this study, the cross flow biofilter process was used to analyze the convection state of micro-polluted surface water. The removal rate of ammonia-nitrogen was stable at 90m ~ (3 / (m ~ 2) h) 60 d after hydraulic loading of 0.08 m ~ (3 / (m ~ 2) h) in start-up stage, and the removal rate of COD _ (Cr) was stable at ~ (60). After the membrane was successfully suspended, the hydraulic load was increased from 0.16m3/ (m ~ 2 h) to 0.80m3/ (m ~ 2 ~ 2 h),). The effect of hydraulic load on the treatment efficiency of filter was studied. At the same time, the denitrification efficiency of the filter under different influent modes was compared under hydraulic loading 0.80m3/ (m 2h), and the change of biomass under different influent conditions was analyzed, and the mechanism of endogenous denitrification was discussed. The results show that: (1) the flow state in the reactor is studied by pulse stimulation response technique. The results show that there is a short flow or circulating flow in the reactor, and the 2qs is 0.34, which indicates that the flow state in the filter tends to push flow; (2) under different hydraulic loads, The removal rate of ammonia-nitrogen and CODCr fluctuated greatly, from the initial HRL to the final HRL being 0.16m3/ (m2h) to the final HRL (m2-h), ammonia-nitrogen removal rate) decreased by 12 percentage points compared with the original removal rate. The results show that the removal rate of CODCr increases by 4.48 percentage points, and the removal rate of nitrate nitrogen decreases by less than 1 percentage point, which indicates that the hydraulic load has a certain effect on the removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen, and the removal rate of CODCr has increased by 4.48 percentage points. The removal rate of nitrite nitrogen was reduced by 21 percentage points and the removal rate of TN was almost unchanged, and the turbidity removal rate was above 90%. (3) in the process of running from forward to reverse influent, The removal rate of nitrite nitrogen in filter increased from 10.96% to 27.22%, the removal rate of nitrite nitrogen increased from 63.92% to 74.71%, the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen decreased from 67.55% to 50.89%, and the removal rate of CODCr decreased from 64.15% to 46.11. The turbidity of effluent also increased. The removal efficiency of TN in the filter increased from 31.18% to 35.10%, and it was inferred that endogenous denitrification occurred in the filter. In the whole operation process, mechanical interception and physical adsorption play a dominant role, and the degradation of microorganisms is less, and through the EEM spectrum analysis of dissolved organic matter, it is known that, Humic acid is the main dissolved organic matter in water under two influent conditions, and its biodegradability is poor, and the removal efficiency of different influent ways is not different. (4) by comparing the change of biomass of each grade, Based on the analysis of biomass change of the first grade biofilter, it was concluded that ammonia nitrogen would be released during endogenous denitrification and pH would be increased. With the prolongation of running time, the rate of endogenous denitrification increased and the removal rate of TN increased gradually.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X52
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