城市生活垃圾焚烧技术及烟气治理工艺研究

发布时间：2018-09-17 10:06

【摘要】：随着我国城市化进程的加快,城市生活垃圾不断增加,目前我国人均生活垃圾年产生量为440kg,全国城市垃圾年产生量达1.8×109t,且每年以8%～10%的速度增长,全国历年垃圾存量已超过60×109t,约有2/3的城市陷入垃圾围城的困境。随着国民经济的发展、城市化进程迅速以及环保标准的提高,新建垃圾填埋场受到越来越多的限制,已经很难找到合适的场址。垃圾中的可燃物大量增加,垃圾热值明显提高,使生活垃圾焚烧技术成为近年来许多城市解决垃圾出路问题的新趋势。国务院办公厅和国家发改委于2012年4月先后公布《关于完善垃圾焚烧发电价格政策的通知》和《“十二五”全国城镇生活垃圾无害化处理设施建设规划》等相关政策,不少城市纷纷投资建厂,全国掀起一股垃圾发电热潮,我国垃圾发电产业发展迎来历史性的机遇。本研究立足生活垃圾的无害化、减量化、资源化治理目标,在阅读大量国内外相关文献资料的基础上详细论述了生活垃圾焚烧发电发展历史、技术的原理、工艺流程、设备、城市生活垃圾物理组分以及国家相关鼓励政策等,重点研究生活垃圾焚烧发电厂选址的相关要求和焚烧烟气污染物治理技术的可靠性和达标性。论文以成都市九江环保发电厂为例,分析生活垃圾焚烧烟气治理工艺的可行性和达标性。从工艺、技术、国家相关技术政策和成都市九江环保发电厂竣工环境保护验收的监测数据表明：垃圾焚烧发电厂选址与周边居民区以及学校、医院等公共设施的控制间距(即环境防护距离)不得小于300m；垃圾焚烧炉型推荐采用炉排炉型；“半干法脱酸技术+活性炭吸附+布袋除尘器+SNCR脱氮”属于目前国内外成熟的焚烧烟气处理工艺,处理后的焚烧烟气各项指标均完全能够达到《生活垃圾焚烧污染控制标准》(GB18485-2014)标准。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of urbanization in China, the urban domestic waste is increasing continuously. At present, the annual production of domestic garbage per capita in China is 440 kg, and the annual output of urban garbage in China reaches 1.8 脳 10 9 t, and the annual growth rate is 8% or 10%. The garbage stock in China has exceeded 60 脳 10 ~ 9 t, and about two thirds of the cities are trapped in garbage siege. With the development of national economy, the rapid process of urbanization and the improvement of environmental protection standards, new landfills are more and more restricted, and it is difficult to find suitable sites. The incineration technology of domestic solid waste (MSW) has become a new trend in many cities in recent years to solve the problem of MSW outlet because of the increase of combustible substance in MSW and the obvious increase of calorific value of MSW. In April 2012, the General Office of the State Council and the National Development and Reform Commission successively promulgated the Circular on perfecting the Price Policy on waste Incineration and Power Generation, and the "12th Five-Year Plan" on the Construction of harmless treatment facilities for Municipal solid waste in cities and towns, and other related policies. Many cities have invested in the construction of power plants, a wave of garbage power generation upsurge, the development of China's garbage power generation industry ushered in a historic opportunity. Based on the goal of harmless, reduced and resource treatment of domestic refuse, the paper discusses in detail the history, principle, technological process and equipment of domestic and foreign MSW incineration power generation development based on reading a large number of domestic and foreign related documents. Based on the physical components of municipal solid waste (MSW) and the relevant national encouragement policies, this paper focuses on the related requirements of the site selection of MSW incineration power plant and the reliability and standard of the treatment technology of flue gas pollutants from MSW incineration. Taking Jiujiang environmental protection power plant in Chengdu as an example, this paper analyzes the feasibility and standard of flue gas treatment technology of MSW incineration. From the process, technology, relevant technical policies of the state and the monitoring data of the environmental protection acceptance of the completed Jiujiang environmental protection power plant in Chengdu, it is shown that the site of the waste incineration power plant is located with surrounding residential areas and schools. The control distance of public facilities such as hospitals (i.e. the distance of environmental protection) shall not be less than 300m. SNCR denitrification by activated carbon adsorbed bag filter is a mature incineration flue gas treatment process at home and abroad. All the indexes of incineration flue gas after treatment can reach the standard of pollution control of MSW incineration (GB18485-2014).
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X799.3

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