1990—2013年中国东北地区湿地生态系统格局演变遥感监测分析

发布时间：2018-09-19 17:12

【摘要】：全球变化背景下,湿地生态系统极具敏感性和脆弱性。论文以Landsat TM/ETM+/OLI和国产环境卫星影像为数据源,重建1990、2000和2013年3期东北地区湿地生态系统分布格局;通过将东北地区划分为六大重要湿地分布区,探讨了区域天然湿地与人工湿地的分布和动态空间差异性及其驱动因素。结果表明:1990、2000、2013年东北地区湿地面积分别为11.75×104、10.57×104、10.41×104km2,湿地率分别为9.45%、8.50%、8.38%。湿地分布具有明显的地域特征,大兴安岭湿地区是最主要的天然湿地分布区,除水田外的人工湿地主要分布在辽河三角洲湿地区。1990—2013年东北地区湿地面积损失严重,损失面积为1.34×104km2,湿地相对损失率为11.4%,天然湿地相对损失率为14.3%,主要转化为耕地。三江平原湿地区的湿地率下降最明显,天然湿地损失面积为9 935.2 km2;松嫩平原湿地区人工湿地面积增加最明显,增加1 141.9 km2。气候变化影响叠加人类活动干扰背景下,沼泽湿地是对全球变化响应最显著的湿地类型,损失面积为16 091.4 km2。气候要素和人文因子对湿地影响具有明显的空间差异性,人类活动的变化更加能够主导东北地区湿地面积的变化。
[Abstract]:Wetland ecosystems are highly sensitive and fragile in the context of global change. This paper uses Landsat TM/ETM / OLI and domestic environmental satellite images as data sources to reconstruct the distribution pattern of wetland ecosystem in Northeast China in 1990 / 2000 and 2013, and divides Northeast China into six important wetland distribution areas. The distribution, dynamic spatial difference and driving factors of regional natural wetland and artificial wetland were discussed. The results showed that the wetland area in Northeast China was 11.75 脳 10 ~ 4 ~ (10 ~ 4) ~ 10.57 脳 10 ~ (4) 脳 10 ~ (4) km ~ (2), and the wetland rate was 9.45 脳 10 ~ (4) 10 ~ (-1) 脳 10 ~ (4) km ~ (2), respectively. The wetland distribution has obvious regional characteristics, the wet area of Daxing'an Mountains is the most important natural wetland distribution area, the artificial wetland except paddy field mainly distributes in the wet area of Liaohe River Delta from 1990 to 2013, and the wetland area loss in Northeast China from 1990 to 2013 is serious. The loss area is 1.34 脳 10 ~ 4 km ~ 2, the relative loss rate of wetland is 11.4km2, the relative loss rate of natural wetland is 14.3km2, and it is mainly converted into cultivated land. The wetland rate in wet area of Sanjiang Plain decreased most obviously, the area of natural wetland loss was 9 935.2 km2;, the area of constructed wetland in wet area of Songnen Plain increased most obviously, and increased by 1 141.9 km2.. Under the background of climate change impact superimposed by human activities, marsh wetland is the most responsive wetland type to global change, with a loss area of 16 091.4 km2.. Climate factors and human factors have obvious spatial differences on wetland, and the changes of human activities can dominate the changes of wetland area in Northeast China.
【作者单位】：中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所中国科学院湿地生态与环境重点实验室;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41401502;41371403) 中国科学院战略性先导科技专项子课题(XDA05050101) 国家重点基础发展研究计划(973)计划专题(2012CB956103)~~
【分类号】：X171;X87

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