天津石化行业挥发性有机物源排放成分谱研究

发布时间：2018-10-05 14:53

【摘要】：天津作为北方地区重要的工业城市,石化主导产业发展迅速,随之发生的大气环境污染问题日益严重,空气中排放大量的挥发性有机污染物,导致以PM2.5细粒子和臭氧为代表的雾霾和光化学烟雾问题频繁出现在天津城区。本论文以天津大港石化园区VOCs排放源为研究对象,对企业内不同处理单元VOCs排放特征展开了研究,在追溯其排放VOCs物种与生产过程、原辅材料(有机溶剂)或治理技术之间联系的基础上,编制出本地化石化行业源排放成分谱,来识别VOCs主要排放组分与贡献。通过对天津大港石化园区的现场考察,采取排放因子法,构建出2014年的园区内石化业VOCs排放清单。选定了2家典型石化企业作为本课题的研究对象,具体包括A企业的气体分馏、汽柴油罐、污油罐工艺环节,B企业污水汽提、延迟焦化、焦化汽油罐、污水处理厂工艺环节。对企业内VOCs样品采集为无组织环境空气和有组织排放筒两种,多数为无组织采集,使用预浓缩-GC-MS仪器对样品进行测试分析,结果共分析出76种VOCs化学组分,共分为6大类,获取了两家企业不同处理单元VOCs排放源成分谱,识别其VOCs物种的排放特征,研究结论主要如下：(1)企业工艺单元排放的VOCs组分结构总体上具有一定的相似性。含氧有机物、烯烃的比例在A企业三个工艺环节中贡献均较高；B企业分析出的VOCs物质结构中,烷烃和芳香烃均占据一定的比例,且在污水处理单元中芳香烃分配达到最大,此外,四个环节中还检测出卤代烃的存在,其在焦化汽油罐和延迟焦化工艺中所占比重较高。(2)排放VOCs特征污染物在企业不同排放环节中也存在一定的差异。苯和甲苯在污水处理厂贡献最高,2-甲基丁烷和异丁烷是污水汽提单元主要组分。(3) VOCs源谱中最突显的特点就是对含氧VOCs的检测发现,且该类物质是A企业的特征污染物。(4)不同工艺环节VOCs的排放特征与原材料性质、工艺生产过程有着密切直接的联系；此外,其上下游油罐、化工生产等装置有机溶剂的添加也会影响到目标单元的VOCs化学物种的排放。
[Abstract]:Tianjin is an important industrial city in the north of China. Petrochemical industry is developing rapidly. As a result, the air pollution problem is becoming more and more serious, and a large amount of volatile organic pollutants are emitted from the air. The problem of haze and photochemical smog, represented by PM2.5 fine particles and ozone, appears frequently in Tianjin urban area. In this paper, the VOCs emission sources of Tianjin Dagang Petrochemical Park are taken as the research object, and the characteristics of VOCs emissions from different treatment units in the enterprise are studied, and the emission VOCs species and production process are traced back. Based on the relationship between raw and auxiliary materials (organic solvent) or treatment technology, the source emission composition spectrum of localized petrochemical industry is compiled to identify the main emission components and contributions of VOCs. Based on the field investigation of Dagang Petrochemical Park in Tianjin, the VOCs emission inventory of petrochemical industry in 2014 was constructed by using the emission factor method. Two typical petrochemical enterprises were selected as the research object of this project, including gas fractionation, gasoline and diesel tanks, waste water stripping, delayed coking, coking gasoline tank and sewage treatment plant process link of A enterprise. There are two kinds of VOCs samples collected in enterprises, which are unorganized ambient air and organized discharge tubes, most of them are unorganized. The samples are tested and analyzed by pre-concentrated GC-MS instrument. The results show that 76 kinds of VOCs chemical components are analyzed, which are divided into 6 categories. The VOCs emission source spectra of two different treatment units were obtained, and the emission characteristics of VOCs species were identified. The main conclusions were as follows: (1) the structure of the VOCs components emitted from the process units was similar in general. Both alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons occupy a certain proportion in the VOCs material structure analyzed by enterprises A and B, and the distribution of aromatic hydrocarbons in sewage treatment units is the largest. In addition, the presence of halogenated hydrocarbons has been detected in the four links, which account for a high proportion in coking gasoline tanks and delayed coking processes. (2) there are some differences in the emission of VOCs characteristic pollutants in different emission links of enterprises. Benzene and toluene are the main components of sewage steam bill of lading. (3) the most prominent feature of VOCs source spectrum is the detection of oxygenated VOCs. And this kind of substance is the characteristic pollutant of A enterprise. (4) the emission characteristics of VOCs in different process links are closely and directly related to the properties of raw materials and the process of production, in addition, the upstream and downstream oil tanks, The addition of organic solvents in chemical plants will also affect the emission of VOCs chemical species in target units.
【学位授予单位】：天津工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：X78

【相似文献】

相关期刊论文 前2条

1 王伯光;冯志诚;周炎;刘慧璇;;聚氨酯合成革厂空气中挥发性有机物的成分谱[J];中国环境科学;2009年09期

2 ;[J];;年期

相关硕士学位论文 前4条

1 张欣;天津石化行业挥发性有机物源排放成分谱研究[D];天津工业大学;2016年

2 景毅;源成分谱替代与受体数据扩展的方法及在兰州市PM_(10)源解析中的应用[D];兰州大学;2014年

3 余宇帆;珠江三角洲地区典型工业VOCs源排放成分谱研究[D];华南理工大学;2012年

4 邹明;LED分谱检测与分选设备研究[D];武汉理工大学;2002年

，

本文编号：2253812