环境中黑碳来源解析方法研究进展

发布时间：2018-10-09 07:34

【摘要】：黑碳是燃料不完全燃烧过程中形成的一种特殊的非均质碳颗粒物质,因其具有较高的化学和生物惰性,在全球气候和环境系统中具有重要意义,是当前国际地球和环境科学领域的焦点问题。燃烧条件和燃料来源的不同,使得黑碳的物理化学特性表现出高度的变异,其环境行为及环境效应也具有明显差异,因此对黑碳进行来源解析有利于弄清全球黑碳收支平衡,且能更清晰地认识其在不同环境介质中的迁移转化过程。重点概述了当前国内外常用的几种黑碳来源解析方法及其应用的研究进展;同时提出了未来黑碳来源解析方法的发展方向。稳定碳和放射性碳同位素分析是当前黑碳源解析中应用最多的两种方法,将这两种方法结合不仅能提供更准确的黑碳来源信息,而且能定量估算化石源和生物质源燃烧对黑碳的贡献。多环芳烃特征标志物比值、黑碳/有机碳比值、苯多羧酸分子标志物比值法以及形态特征分析的方法都只能间接地判断黑碳的来源,其方法的应用有一定的局限性和不确定性。未来应加强对不同介质中δ~(13)C的分馏机制及不同排放源样品黑碳的δ~(13)C和~(14)C值域"特征谱"的研究,进一步规范黑碳的分离和测定技术;同时应充分发挥不同分析技术的优势,联合多种方法以获取更多有关黑碳来源、传输和转化过程的信息。
[Abstract]:Black carbon is a special heterogeneous carbon particle material formed during incomplete combustion of fuel. Because of its high chemical and biological inertia, black carbon is of great significance in global climate and environmental systems. It is the focal point in the field of international earth and environment science. Because of the difference of combustion conditions and fuel sources, the physicochemical properties of black carbon exhibit a high degree of variation, and its environmental behavior and environmental effects are also obviously different. Therefore, it is helpful to understand the balance of black carbon budget in the world by analyzing the sources of black carbon. Moreover, the process of migration and transformation in different environmental media can be understood more clearly. The research progress of several black carbon source resolution methods and their applications are summarized, and the development direction of black carbon source resolution methods in the future is put forward. Stable carbon and radioactive carbon isotope analysis are the two most widely used methods in black carbon source analysis. Combining these two methods can not only provide more accurate black carbon source information. Furthermore, the contribution of fossil and biomass combustion to black carbon can be quantitatively estimated. The ratio of characteristic markers of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the ratio of black carbon to organic carbon, the molecular marker ratio of benzene polycarboxylic acid and the method of morphological analysis can only indirectly determine the origin of black carbon, and its application has some limitations and uncertainties. In the future, the fractionation mechanism of 未 ~ (13) C in different media and the "characteristic spectrum" of 未 ~ (13) C and ~ (14) C range of black carbon samples from different emission sources should be strengthened to further standardize the separation and determination techniques of black carbon, and the advantages of different analytical techniques should be brought into full play at the same time. Combine multiple methods to obtain more information about black carbon sources, transport, and conversion processes.
【作者单位】：湖北理工学院环境科学与工程学院//矿区环境污染控制与修复湖北省重点实验室;中国科学院地球环境研究所//黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室;中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所;西安交通大学全球环境变化研究院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41603117) 湖北理工学院引进人才项目(16xjz02R)
【分类号】：X51;X13

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