近海移动监测平台的构建与实现

发布时间：2018-10-12 12:30

【摘要】：自然环境的保护是人类日常生活和发展进步的先决条件,如今海洋污染程度逐日加重,海洋污染不仅会对经济发展造成阻碍,还会对人类的生活环境造成很大的破坏。近年来,由海洋污染引发的安全问题大大增多,逐渐成为人类不可忽略的问题。我国海岸线较长,海洋资源比较丰富,虽然利于我国的经济发展但海洋污染造成的安全问题也给国家带来了沉重的负担,如果能够及时发现污染,并做出预警和处理,可将海洋污染引发的安全问题有效遏制在萌芽阶段,大大减少安全问题的发生。与国外发展成熟的海洋监测技术相比,我国的海洋监测技术相对落后,并且在理念、管理与技术方面存在很多的不足与缺陷。因此本文设计了一个工作范围在2千米,能够自主导航、自主采集监测并实时与岸基站通讯的近海移动监测平台,可实现监测的现自动化,对相关部门的管理与监测提供了方便与可能。监测平台的设计集合多种技术,具备完全自动化、自由度大、可升级并可实时与岸基站通讯等优势,比传统监测方法减少了人力资源、降低了由人工操作引起的安全隐患并且相对的成本较低。该平台自带能源,并配备太阳能清洁能源可对自带能源进行充电,还能切换成太阳能供电模式。监测平台船体是采用不锈钢建造而成的自制单体船,并配有两个螺旋桨进行推动,平台还载有自制的监测系统,其包含四种水质监测传感器对所需水质参数进行实时监测,配有自制的采集系统可以对指定水域水样进行采集,平台选用NI公司的LabVIEW软件对监测平台开发、测试与应用。本文首先从工作环境和工作需求构建监测平台的整体系统,进而对监测平台的基本结构和基本功能进行详细阐述。然后,从硬件设施和软件设计两个方面,具体构建监测平台。其中,硬件设施主要分为导航系统,动力系统,能源系统,通讯系统,采集检测系统,控制系统六大系统,以此来实现平台所需的功能。在硬件设施中,本文着重介绍了导航系统、通讯系统与采集监测系统。软件设计从软件系统流程切入,设计了简明易操作的界面,并对通讯、串口信息传输、GPS读取等功能进行编译。最后对所设计的平台进行整合,多次测试实验表明该平台能够实现六大系统的基本功能,尤其是导航系统可完美实现设计目标。
[Abstract]:The protection of the natural environment is a prerequisite for the daily life and development of human beings. Nowadays, the degree of marine pollution is increasing day by day. The marine pollution will not only hinder the economic development, but also cause great damage to the living environment of human beings. In recent years, the safety problems caused by marine pollution have increased greatly, and gradually become a problem that can not be ignored by human beings. Our country has a relatively long coastline and abundant marine resources. Although it is conducive to the economic development of our country, the safety problems caused by marine pollution also bring a heavy burden to the country. If pollution can be detected in time, and early warning and treatment can be made, The safety problems caused by marine pollution can be effectively contained in the embryonic stage and the occurrence of safety problems can be greatly reduced. Compared with the mature marine monitoring technology developed abroad, China's marine monitoring technology is relatively backward, and there are many deficiencies and defects in concept, management and technology. Therefore, this paper designs an offshore mobile monitoring platform with work range of 2 km, autonomous navigation, autonomous acquisition and monitoring and real-time communication with the base station, which can realize the automation of monitoring. It provides convenience and possibility for the management and monitoring of relevant departments. The design of the monitoring platform has many advantages, such as complete automation, large degree of freedom, scalable and real-time communication with the shore base station, which reduces the human resources compared with the traditional monitoring method. It reduces the safety risk caused by manual operation and the relative cost is lower. The platform comes with its own energy and is equipped with clean solar energy to charge its own energy and switch to solar power supply mode. The hull of the monitoring platform is a self-made single ship built of stainless steel and is propelled by two propellers. The platform also carries a self-made monitoring system, which contains four water quality monitoring sensors to monitor the required water quality parameters in real time. A self-made collection system can be used to collect water samples in designated waters. The platform is developed, tested and applied by LabVIEW software of NI Company. In this paper, the whole system of monitoring platform is constructed from work environment and work demand, and then the basic structure and function of monitoring platform are described in detail. Then, the monitoring platform is built from two aspects of hardware and software design. The hardware facilities are mainly divided into six systems: navigation system, power system, energy system, communication system, acquisition and detection system, control system, so as to achieve the required functions of the platform. In the hardware, this paper mainly introduces the navigation system, communication system and acquisition and monitoring system. The software design starts from the software system flow, designs the simple and easy to operate interface, and compiles the functions of communication, serial port information transmission, GPS reading and so on. Finally, the platform is integrated, and many tests show that the platform can achieve the basic functions of the six systems, especially the navigation system can achieve the design goal perfectly.
【学位授予单位】：天津理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：X84

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