莱州湾养殖区排水分析及中国海水养殖污染负荷估算

发布时间：2018-10-14 08:27

【摘要】：近年来,我国海水养殖规模不断扩大,但养殖活动对周边水域的环境影响及养殖污染负荷缺乏系统研究。本研究选择山东省垦利县海水养殖区周边水域为研究区域,分别监测2014年10月(养殖期)和12月(间歇期)水中污染物浓度水平,分析养殖活动对周边水体环境质量的影响；结合统计数据,估算了2012年我国海水养殖污染负荷总量,分析了养殖业在污染物入海通量中所占的比重,利用蒙特卡罗模拟研究了影响污染负荷估算结果的敏感性因素并进行情景模拟,为我国海水养殖业可持续发展提供基础数据。监测结果表明,研究区域水中污染物浓度较高,养殖期内溶解性无机氮(DIN)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、CODMn和TOC的浓度范围(均值)分别是0.32～0.46(0.40)mg/L、0.80 ～1.51(1.17)mg/L、0.04～0.17(0.09)mg/L、2.03～6.50(4.11)mg/L和3.44～8.05(6.21)mg/L,间歇期各项水质参数的监测结果分别为1.17～2.50(1.83)mg/L、1.50～3.68(2.93)mg/L. 0.04～0.17(0.07)mg/L、4.20～7.22(6.21)mg/L和4.82～7.22(6.19)mg/L；分析显示水中DIN、TN、CODMn和TOC表现出退潮浓度增加,涨潮浓度降低的潮汐规律,而TP和PO43-的潮汐规律与之相反；养殖排水是造成水中溶解氧和pH值降低,以及营养性物质浓度增加的主要原因；水质评价显示DIN和CODMn为该区域主要污染物,养殖间歇期存在富营养化程度加重的趋势。基于水产养殖排污系数调查手册和渔业统计年鉴,估算海水养殖污染负荷,结果显示,2012年我国海水养殖活动排放的总氮、总磷、COD、铜和锌分别为17,414t、3145 t、55,505 t、53 t和242 t,滨海各省污染负荷总量与养殖总产量存在线性关系；不同来源污染物入海通量分析表明,陆源输入为污染物的主要入海方式,养殖活动所占比重较低,但其对局部海域环境的影响不容忽视。敏感性分析表明,养殖模式是影响污染负荷总量的关键因素,在养殖总产量不变的情况下,提高池塘养殖并降低网箱养殖,总氮、总磷和COD污染负荷降低比例分别为3.2%、22.6%和8.8%,选择合理的养殖类型并提高饵料利用率是减少海水养殖环境影响的关键。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the scale of mariculture in China has been expanding, but the environmental impact of aquaculture activities on the surrounding waters and the pollution load of aquaculture are not systematically studied. In this study, the surrounding waters of mariculture area in Kenli County, Shandong Province were selected as the study areas. The concentration of pollutants in water was monitored in October (culture period) and December (intermittent period), respectively, to analyze the effect of aquaculture activities on the environmental quality of surrounding waters. Combined with statistical data, the total pollution load of marine aquaculture in China in 2012 was estimated, and the proportion of aquaculture industry in the flux of pollutants into the sea was analyzed. The sensitivity factors affecting the estimation results of pollution load were studied by Monte Carlo simulation and the scenario simulation was carried out to provide the basic data for the sustainable development of mariculture in China. The monitoring results show that the concentration of pollutants in the study area is high. 鍏绘畺鏈熷唴婧惰В鎬ф棤鏈烘爱(DIN),鎬绘爱(TN),鎬荤７(TP),CODMn鍜孴OC鐨勬祿搴﹁寖鍥，

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