凯江流域三台段水环境污染现状及治理对策研究

发布时间：2018-10-14 14:10

【摘要】：现代社会高速发展,生活质量水平不断的提高。然而,发展的同时造成了环境问题的凸显,水环境的污染问题,成为环境系统中最值得关注的问题。为了解决水污染问题,首先应该控制水环境的污染物总量,本文在分析了国内外水环境污染研究现状的基础上,结合凯江流域三台段水环境质量现状,通过凯江三台段沿线污染源现场调查和资料数据搜集,分析了凯江流域三台段污染现状及其主要成因,计算出凯江流域三台段的水环境容量,并以此作为水环境治理措施的依据,从而提出区域水环境污染控制对策措施和建议。凯江流域三台段沿岸的城镇有西平镇、万安镇、古井镇、潼川镇。根据流域水环境功能区划、行政区划、主要污染源的地理位置及排污口的地理位置,以及控制断面布设的原则和具体要求,在凯江和控制断面上布设两个控制断面常规监测面,即下断面潼川镇南门外、上断面西平丝厂上游。运用综合模糊评价法进行分析。本文依据国家行业类别对污染源进行分类并对污染源做出评价,凯江流域三台段主要污染源主要有：城镇生活污染源、农村非点源污染源和规模化畜禽养殖污染源和工业污染源。本文采用等标污染指数、等标污染负荷和污染负荷比的方法来实现对污染源分析的评价。经计算结果得出,城市生活污染源(污染负荷比：52.4%)为凯江流域污染排放的主要来源,其次是规模化畜禽养殖污染源(污染负荷比：19.6%)和农村生活和农田径流即农村非点源污染源(14.3%),最后为工业废水污染源(13.8%)。根据国家污染物总量控制相关要求,通过对凯江流域三台段水污染现状、水污染控制现状、和地表水水质现状评价中确定的污染源调查分析,结合本文的研究要求,确定其主要环境控制因子为CODcr、氨氮,以此作为凯江流域三台段水环境容量主要控制计算因子。凯江流域三台段属于绵阳境内的小流域,本文中采用核算中小河流水环境容量的常用模型——“一维稳态容量模型”。环境容量的大小在某种程度上代表着区域水环境质量的好坏,以及水体污染物容纳量的大小。水环境容量计算结果：COD剩余水环境容量-276t/a,氨氮剩余水环境容量为-28t/a。因此,凯江流域三台段需要重点针对NH3-N的污染排放治理,削减氨氮的排放量。氨氮的削减主要从污染负荷较大的城镇生活污染源和畜禽养殖污染源着手,提出相应的削减措施。对于氨氮污染贡献最大的城镇生活污水源,特别是污染负荷最大的潼川镇,本文提出水环境容量削减措施,如增设生活污水处理厂,适当提高污水处理厂的处理容量。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of modern society, the quality of life has been continuously improved. However, the problem of water pollution has become the most important problem in the environmental system. In order to solve the problem of water pollution, first of all, the total amount of pollutants in water environment should be controlled. Based on the analysis of the present situation of water environment pollution at home and abroad, the paper combines the present situation of water environment quality in the third section of the Kaijiang River Basin. Based on the field investigation and data collection of pollution sources along the third section of Kaijiang River, the present situation and main causes of pollution in the third section of Kaijiang River Basin are analyzed, and the water environmental capacity of the third section of the River Basin is calculated. As the basis of water environment control measures, the countermeasures and suggestions of regional water environment pollution control are put forward. The towns along the three sections of the Kaijiang River Basin are Xiping Town, Wan'an Town, Gujing Town, Tongchuan Town. According to the functional division of water environment of river basin, administrative division, geographical location of main pollution sources and the location of sewage outlet, as well as the principle and concrete requirements of layout of control section, two conventional monitoring planes of control section are arranged on Kaijiang River and control section. That is, the next section of Tongchuan Town outside the South Gate, the upper section of Xiping silk factory upstream. The comprehensive fuzzy evaluation method is used to analyze. This paper classifies and evaluates the pollution sources according to the national industry categories. The main sources of pollution in the Santai section of the Kaijiang River Basin are: urban life pollution sources. Rural non-point source pollution sources and large-scale livestock and poultry breeding pollution sources and industrial sources. In this paper, the methods of iso-standard pollution index, iso-standard pollution load and pollution load ratio are used to realize the evaluation of pollution source analysis. The results show that the pollution source (pollution load ratio: 52.4%) is the main source of pollution discharge in Kaijiang River Basin. The second was large-scale livestock and poultry breeding pollution source (pollution load ratio: 19.6%), rural life and farmland runoff, that is, rural non-point source pollution source (14.3%), and industrial wastewater pollution source (13.8%). According to the related requirements of national total pollutant control, through the investigation and analysis of water pollution status, water pollution control status, and surface water quality assessment in the third section of the Kaijiang River Basin, combined with the research requirements of this paper, The main environmental control factor is CODcr, ammonia nitrogen, which is used as the main control factor of water environmental capacity in the third section of the Kaijiang River Basin. The Santai section of the Kaijiang River Basin belongs to a small watershed in Mianyang. In this paper, one dimensional steady-state capacity model is used to calculate the water environmental capacity of small and medium rivers. To a certain extent, the environmental capacity represents the quality of the regional water environment and the size of the water pollutant capacity. The results of water environment capacity calculation are as follows: the residual water environmental capacity of COD is -276 t / a, and the environmental capacity of ammonia nitrogen residual water is -28 t / a. Therefore, the third stage of Kaijiang River Basin should focus on the pollution control of NH3-N and reduce the discharge of ammonia nitrogen. The reduction of ammonia nitrogen mainly starts from the pollution load pollution sources of urban life and livestock and poultry breeding, and puts forward the corresponding reduction measures. For the municipal sewage source which contributes the most to ammonia nitrogen pollution, especially Tongchuan Town, where the pollution load is the greatest, this paper puts forward some measures to reduce the water environmental capacity, such as increasing the treatment capacity of the sewage treatment plant and increasing the treatment capacity of the sewage treatment plant.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X52

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