高速公路土壤重金属污染状况及健康风险评价

发布时间：2018-10-15 13:20

【摘要】：为探讨高速公路路域土壤重金属污染分布特征和对周围居民的影响,检测了高速公路G4和G60的临长段、长潭段和潭邵段5m,10m,15m,40m和80m处土壤中重金属(Zn,Pb,Cd,Cr和Cu)的浓度,分析了它们的分布特征和污染状况,并进行健康风险评价.结果表明:重金属的浓度随高速公路的距离的增加而降低,其中近高速公路点Cd和Cr超过了土壤环境二级标准;地累积指数和潜在生态风险指数显示,所检测的5种重金属的污染状况是CdPbCrZnCu,其中Cd为主要污染物,研究的3个路段5m处Cd为重度污染,80m处仍有轻度污染,其它重金属分别为轻度污染或无污染;健康风险评价表明Cd,Cr和Pb对成年人和未成年人都存在潜在的健康伤害风险且随距离的增加而降低.其中3个路段80m处Cr对未成年人仍有轻微的致癌风险(致癌风险在可接受范围内),说明高速公路两侧的居民应居住在距离高速公路80m之外.
[Abstract]:In order to study the distribution characteristics of soil heavy metal pollution and its influence on the surrounding residents, the concentrations of heavy metals (Zn,Pb,Cd,Cr and Cu) in the soil of the expressway G4 and G60, the Changtan section and the Tan-Shao section were detected, and the concentrations of the heavy metals (Zn,Pb,Cd,Cr and Cu) in the soil were detected at 10 m, 10 m, 15 m, 40 m and 80 m, respectively. Their distribution characteristics and pollution status were analyzed, and health risk assessment was carried out. The results showed that the concentration of heavy metals decreased with the increase of the distance between the freeway, and the Cd and Cr near the expressway exceeded the second grade standard of soil environment, and the soil accumulation index and potential ecological risk index showed that the concentration of heavy metals decreased with the increase of the distance of expressway. The pollution status of 5 kinds of heavy metals detected was CdPbCrZnCu, in which Cd was the main pollutant, Cd at 5m and 80 m were heavily polluted, while other heavy metals were mildly polluted or non-polluted respectively. Health risk assessment showed that Cd,Cr and Pb had a potential risk of health injury to both adults and minors and decreased with the increase of distance. Among them, 80m Cr in three sections of road still has slight carcinogenic risk to minors (the risk of carcinogenesis is within acceptable range), indicating that the residents on both sides of the highway should live 80 m away from the expressway.
【作者单位】：湖南大学环境科学与工程学院;湖南省交通研究院;湖南大学发展规划办公室;
【基金】：湖南省交通运输厅科技进步与创新计划项目(201318)
【分类号】：X53;X82

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