基于Landsat遥感影像的杭州城市人为热定量估算研究
发布时间：2018-10-17 09:29
【摘要】：工业革命以来,城市作为人类活动最频繁的地域空间,一直是物质、能量、信息交换最活跃的场所。城市人为热通量(Anthropogenic Heat Flux, AHF)是指城市中由人类活动产生并排放到大气中的那一部分热量,过去由于人为热的排放较小,在城市热岛的研究中常常忽略其影响,近年来随着城市能源消耗的不断增加,产生的人为热量释放是城市热岛效应加剧的重要影响因子。学界对于人为热的研究还处在探索阶段,对其进行定量研究分析具有理论和实践两方面的意义。 本文在整理国内外城市人为热研究领域相关文献的基础上,通过对比能源清单法和地表能量平衡法两种计算人为的方法,发现基于能量平衡法的遥感估算方法在空间分布和数值上更加接近实际情况。利用1991年、2000年、2010年LandsatTM遥感影像计算了研究区的NDVI、MNDWI、地表反照率、地表比辐射率、地表温度等地表参数,同时提取了三年的土地利用/覆盖分类信息。结合同期气象数据计算了多个气象参数,包括空气动力学阻力、地表水汽扩散阻力、空气比辐射率、大气透射率等一系列参数。基于城市地表能量平衡方程,利用上述这些遥感参数和气象参数分别计算出地表净辐射、显热通量、潜热通量、土壤热通量,最终可以获取不同年份的城市人为热通量排放的空间分布图像。杭州人为热排放的最大值在1991年为83.63Wm-2,2000年为147.68Wm-2,到2010年为287.17Wm-2,利用GIS空间分析功能统计出历年平均值分别为18.76Wm-2、27.5Wm-2、125.66Wm-2,得出2000-2010年间是人为热排放增加迅速的时期。 运用定量和定性相结合的方法,在分析杭州人为热时空变化的基础上,对人为热和城市发展的社会经济、用地扩张、不透水地面变化的关系进行分析,发现城市人为热通量与城市人口密度、GDP、不透水面比率呈正相关,而与城市建设用地面积无绝对关系,用地内部发生的活动变化是导致人为热在数值上攀升的主因。通过提取城市南北向和东西向剖面线上LST曲线和AHF曲线,发现城市人为热通量和地表温度变化趋势基本一致,得到城市人为热的排放对地表有增温作用,从而证明了人为热排放是城市热岛效应加剧的主要原因之一。最后针对不同的人为热源提出了人为热排放减缓的措施与建议。
[Abstract]:Since the Industrial Revolution, cities, as the most frequent regional space for human activities, have been the most active places for material, energy and information exchange. Urban anthropogenic heat flux (Anthropogenic Heat Flux, AHF) is the part of heat produced by human activities and placed in the atmosphere. In the past, the effects of anthropogenic heat flux (Anthropogenic Heat Flux, AHF) were often ignored in urban heat island studies because of the small anthropogenic heat emissions. In recent years, with the increasing of urban energy consumption, the anthropogenic heat release is an important factor in the intensification of urban heat island effect. The academic research on artificial heat is still in the exploratory stage. It has theoretical and practical significance to study and analyze it quantitatively. In this paper, on the basis of sorting out the relevant literatures in the field of urban artificial heat research at home and abroad, by comparing the energy inventory method with the surface energy balance method, It is found that the spatial distribution and numerical value of the remote sensing estimation method based on the energy balance method are closer to the actual situation. Based on the LandsatTM remote sensing images of 1991, 2000 and 2010, the surface parameters such as NDVI,MNDWI, surface albedo, surface specific emissivity and surface temperature were calculated, and the land use / cover classification information for three years was extracted. Several meteorological parameters, including aerodynamic resistance, surface water vapor diffusion resistance, air specific emissivity, atmospheric transmittance and so on, are calculated based on the meteorological data of the same period. Based on the energy balance equation of urban surface, the surface net radiation, sensible heat flux, latent heat flux and soil heat flux are calculated by using these remote sensing parameters and meteorological parameters, respectively. Finally, the spatial distribution of urban anthropogenic heat flux in different years can be obtained. The maximum value of anthropogenic heat emission in Hangzhou was 83.63 Wm-2 in 1991, 147.68 Wm-2 in 2000 and 287.17Wm-2 in 2010. The average value of anthropogenic heat emission was 18.76 Wm-227.5Wm-2125.66 Wm-2 by using the spatial analysis function of GIS. It is concluded that the period of 2000-2010 is a period of rapid increase of anthropogenic heat emissions. Based on the analysis of the temporal and spatial changes of artificial heat in Hangzhou, the relationship between the social economy, land use expansion and impermeable surface changes of artificial heat and urban development is analyzed by means of the combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. It is found that the anthropogenic heat flux is positively correlated with the urban population density and the ratio of GDP, impervious surface, but not with the area of urban construction land. By extracting the LST curves and AHF curves from the profile lines of the city's south-north and east-west directions, it is found that the urban anthropogenic heat flux is basically consistent with the change trend of the surface temperature, and it is concluded that the urban anthropogenic heat emission has the effect of increasing the temperature of the surface. Therefore, it is proved that anthropogenic heat emission is one of the main reasons for the aggravation of urban heat island effect. Finally, the measures and suggestions for the mitigation of anthropogenic heat emission are put forward for different anthropogenic heat sources.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X87;X16
本文编号：2276230
[Abstract]:Since the Industrial Revolution, cities, as the most frequent regional space for human activities, have been the most active places for material, energy and information exchange. Urban anthropogenic heat flux (Anthropogenic Heat Flux, AHF) is the part of heat produced by human activities and placed in the atmosphere. In the past, the effects of anthropogenic heat flux (Anthropogenic Heat Flux, AHF) were often ignored in urban heat island studies because of the small anthropogenic heat emissions. In recent years, with the increasing of urban energy consumption, the anthropogenic heat release is an important factor in the intensification of urban heat island effect. The academic research on artificial heat is still in the exploratory stage. It has theoretical and practical significance to study and analyze it quantitatively. In this paper, on the basis of sorting out the relevant literatures in the field of urban artificial heat research at home and abroad, by comparing the energy inventory method with the surface energy balance method, It is found that the spatial distribution and numerical value of the remote sensing estimation method based on the energy balance method are closer to the actual situation. Based on the LandsatTM remote sensing images of 1991, 2000 and 2010, the surface parameters such as NDVI,MNDWI, surface albedo, surface specific emissivity and surface temperature were calculated, and the land use / cover classification information for three years was extracted. Several meteorological parameters, including aerodynamic resistance, surface water vapor diffusion resistance, air specific emissivity, atmospheric transmittance and so on, are calculated based on the meteorological data of the same period. Based on the energy balance equation of urban surface, the surface net radiation, sensible heat flux, latent heat flux and soil heat flux are calculated by using these remote sensing parameters and meteorological parameters, respectively. Finally, the spatial distribution of urban anthropogenic heat flux in different years can be obtained. The maximum value of anthropogenic heat emission in Hangzhou was 83.63 Wm-2 in 1991, 147.68 Wm-2 in 2000 and 287.17Wm-2 in 2010. The average value of anthropogenic heat emission was 18.76 Wm-227.5Wm-2125.66 Wm-2 by using the spatial analysis function of GIS. It is concluded that the period of 2000-2010 is a period of rapid increase of anthropogenic heat emissions. Based on the analysis of the temporal and spatial changes of artificial heat in Hangzhou, the relationship between the social economy, land use expansion and impermeable surface changes of artificial heat and urban development is analyzed by means of the combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. It is found that the anthropogenic heat flux is positively correlated with the urban population density and the ratio of GDP, impervious surface, but not with the area of urban construction land. By extracting the LST curves and AHF curves from the profile lines of the city's south-north and east-west directions, it is found that the urban anthropogenic heat flux is basically consistent with the change trend of the surface temperature, and it is concluded that the urban anthropogenic heat emission has the effect of increasing the temperature of the surface. Therefore, it is proved that anthropogenic heat emission is one of the main reasons for the aggravation of urban heat island effect. Finally, the measures and suggestions for the mitigation of anthropogenic heat emission are put forward for different anthropogenic heat sources.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X87;X16
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