ASBR处理淀粉废水的研究

发布时间：2018-10-18 11:15

【摘要】：厌氧生物处理技术是一种具有处理负荷高、能耗低、产泥量小和能够产生甲烷气体等优点的废水处理技术。随着高浓度有机工业废水排放量的增多,厌氧反应器被广泛应用于高浓度有机废水的处理。人们逐渐开发出了形式多样的厌氧反应器。淀粉废水作为高浓度有机废水,具有很强的可生化性,采用新型的厌氧反应器处理淀粉废水逐渐成为人们研究的热点。厌氧序批式反应器(ASBR)作为第三代厌氧反应器,因具有投资省、操作灵活、稳定高效等优点而越来越引起人们的关注。但是其启动时间长及形成颗粒污泥粒径小等缺点限制了该技术的推广和应用。本实验通过自制ASBR反应器,采用人工配制淀粉废水为基质进行启动,探讨处理高浓度淀粉废水运行的状况。探索ASBR反应器快速启动的方法,探究高效稳定、操作方便、经济合理的处理高浓度淀粉废水的运行工艺方法。在ASBR反应器启动的试验中,分别接种二沉池的剩余污泥和上流式厌氧污泥床反应器(UASB)中厌氧污泥于相同的ASBR反应器A和B中。在恒温35℃、无搅拌、无任何添加物和添加一定碱度的条件下,采用逐渐增加进水COD浓度和减少水力停留时间的方法驯化污泥,逐步启动反应器。当进水COD达到5000 mg/L,容积负荷为5.16 g/(L·d)时,两个反应器A和B的COD去除率分别达到86.0%和91.7%;A和B的污泥实现了颗粒化,污泥浓度最后分别达到21.6 g/L和24.5 g/L,污泥粒径也分别达到1.1 mm和1.4 mm,由反应器中颗粒污泥的形态和反应器的运行状态说明A和B启动成功,分别耗时75 d和61 d,实现了ASBR的快速启动。利用启动成功的A反应器进行处理高浓度淀粉废水的试验,继续增加进水的COD浓度,从5000 mg/L升高到10000 mg/L过程中,容积负荷变为10.1 g/(L·d),期间COD去除率发生波动,通过改变进水负荷最终稳定在8.1g/(L·d),COD浓度8000 mg/L,去除率高达92.8%,p H值于6.8~7.2之间波动。反应器平稳高效运行一个月后,反应器内的颗粒污泥粒径达到了3~5mm,污泥浓度21.84 g/L,污泥的最大沉降速度高达46 m/h,反应器的平均产气量达到402 L/kg COD,处理高浓度淀粉废水时ASBR反应器实现了高效稳定运行,培养出的颗粒污泥性能好、活性高。综上所述,ASBR用于处理淀粉废水时,反应器启动成功后能够形成性能良好的颗粒污泥,反应器处理高浓度淀粉废水时表现出良好的运行状态,该实验对ASBR在工业实践的应用方面提供了理论基础,对降低处理高浓度淀粉废水处理的成本具有很大的指导意义。
[Abstract]:Anaerobic biological treatment is a kind of wastewater treatment technology which has the advantages of high load, low energy consumption, low sludge production and the ability to produce methane gas. With the increase of high concentration organic industrial wastewater, anaerobic reactor is widely used in the treatment of high concentration organic wastewater. A variety of anaerobic reactors have been developed. Starch wastewater, as an organic wastewater with high concentration, has strong biodegradability. The treatment of starch wastewater with a new anaerobic reactor has gradually become a hot research topic. As the third generation anaerobic reactor, (ASBR) has attracted more and more attention because of its advantages of low investment, flexible operation, stability and high efficiency. However, the long start-up time and the small particle size of granular sludge restrict the popularization and application of the technology. In this experiment, a self-made ASBR reactor was used to start the treatment of high concentration starch wastewater with artificial starch wastewater as the substrate. To explore the method of rapid start up of ASBR reactor and to explore the operation method of treating high concentration starch wastewater with high efficiency and stability, convenient operation and reasonable economy. In the start-up test of ASBR reactor, the excess sludge from secondary settling tank and (UASB) from upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor were inoculated in the same ASBR reactors A and B, respectively. Under the condition of constant temperature 35 鈩，

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