药物和尿液中对羟基苯甲酸酯类防腐剂残留和暴露研究

发布时间：2018-10-19 13:04

【摘要】：随着现代社会经济技术快速发展,多种化学物质被应用到日常生活中。对羟基苯甲酸酯(parabens)作为一种性能优良的防腐剂被广泛应用到食品、个人护理品和药物等领域,随着其使用规模和范围的扩大,增加了人们日常生活中与其接触的频率和暴露。动物实验证明parabens具有雌激素活性,可能影响人类生殖系统发育,与女性乳腺癌发病有关。因此开展该类物质在环境中的残留及人体暴露研究具有重要意义。本文对109个我国青年人群尿液样品(男性68个、女性41个)和100个市面常见药物样品中parabens残留水平进行了研究,分别采用固相萃取和液液萃取对样品进行预处理,采用HPLC-MS/MS和UPLC-MS/MS进行样品中parabens的检测。研究结果表明尿液中5种parabens总浓度(∑parabens)范围是0.82~728 ng/m L,浓度中值为14.3 ng/m L,Me P、Et P和Pr P的检出率为100%,Bu P和Bz P的检出率分别为61%和19%,Me P和Pr P为主要目标物。女性尿液中parabens浓度高于男性,大约是其2倍,不同地区间浓度差异较小。药物的检测结果表明,样品总检出率为97%,∑parabens浓度范围是0.90~1256 ng/g,中值为119 ng/g,组成特征与尿液相似。结合发表的关于我国食物、个人护理品和灰尘介质中parabens的浓度结果,本文对我国青年人群parabens暴露水平进行了分析研究。结果表明外暴露途径中个人护理品是主要的暴露介质,尤其是女性,暴露量为28.0μg/kg-bw/day,对总暴露的贡献率达到了68.6%,其次是食物暴露,其他介质的暴露水平较低。通过尿液中parabens的浓度计算的我国青年人群的暴露量为18.4μg/kg-bw/day(男性)和40.8μg/kg-bw/day(女性),人体健康风险评价结果表明,我国青年人群对parabens的暴露风险处于较低水平。若将尿液暴露水平作为内暴露,其他环境介质暴露水平作为外暴露。本文还对parabens的外暴露和内暴露进行了详细的比较,结果表明,二者暴露水平不匹配,存在一定的差异,尤其是男性人群,外暴露仅占内暴露的20.9%,女性因为个人护理品的大量使用,其外暴露约为内暴露的71.3%。导致这种差异性的原因可能是:外暴露途径还不全面,可能存在未知的暴露源;不同的研究方法之间存在误差,如暴露水平的计算。所以,未来有必要深入开展人体内暴露和外暴露的关系研究,更加准确的评估人体的健康风险评价。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of modern social economy and technology, a variety of chemicals have been applied in daily life. As an excellent preservative, p-hydroxybenzoate (parabens) has been widely used in food, personal care products and medicine. With the expansion of its scale and scope of use, it has increased the frequency and exposure of people to contact with it in their daily life. Animal experiments have proved that parabens has estrogenic activity, which may affect the development of human reproductive system, and may be related to the incidence of breast cancer in women. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the environmental residues and human exposure of these substances. The residual levels of parabens in 109 urine samples (68 males and 41 females) and 100 common drug samples from China were studied. The samples were pretreated with solid phase extraction (SPE) and liquid-liquid extraction (LLP), respectively. HPLC-MS/MS and UPLC-MS/MS were used to detect parabens in the samples. The results showed that the range of 鈭，

本文编号：2281200