城市空气质量可视化系统的研究

发布时间：2018-10-19 13:09

【摘要】：随着科学的发展,社会的进步,环境问题越来越受到人们的重视。尤其是最近几年北京、天津等许多城市的雾霾天气,更使得环境空气污染问题成为人们关注的焦点。山东省自2002年以来,已在全省17个城市建立了空气质量监测站143个,这些监测点若干年来产生了海量的监测数据。如何展示这些监测数据并且从中发现数据的变化趋势、数据之间的关系及数据的各种特性成为我们所要解决的首要问题。可视化是利用计算机图形学和图像处理技术,将数据转换成图形或图像在屏幕上显示出来,并进行交互处理的方法和技术。有效的可视化方法使我们能够更直观、方便的对数据进行观察和分析,以发现隐藏在数据中的的各种特征和规律,从而帮助人们更好的理解数据以及做出有效的决策。通过分析发现空气质量数据具有层次性及时序性,人们对层次结构及时间序列数据的可视化已经取得了很多研究成果,但是对于二者结合的可视化研究还很有限。通过研究各种层次结构可视化及时间序列可视化方法,我们提出了三种对层次结构及时间序列数据结合的可视化方法,包括节点连接树和柱状图可视化、双曲树和时间圆盘可视化、层次树和主题河可视化。它们都有各自的特点,都可以较好的展示层次结构及时间序列数据。在方法中,用户通过各种交互技术可以方便的对数据进行观察,从而发现数据的特点及变化规律,例如数据的周期性、相关性和异常等等。在此基础上,我们建立了一个城市空气质量可视化系统。首先为了实现系统的易用性及可扩展性,在本系统中我们实现了基于RBAC的权限管理模式。系统中我们利用各种传统方法对数据进行了展示,我们还将研究的三种方法集成在系统中并取得了较好的可视化效果。
[Abstract]:With the development of science and the progress of society, people pay more and more attention to environmental problems. Especially in recent years, the haze weather in many cities, such as Beijing and Tianjin, makes the problem of environmental air pollution become the focus of attention. Since 2002, 143 air quality monitoring stations have been established in 17 cities of Shandong Province, which have produced massive monitoring data for several years. How to display the monitoring data and find the changing trend of the data, the relationship between the data and the characteristics of the data become the most important problem to be solved. Visualization is a method and technology that transforms data into graphics or images on the screen and interacts with each other by using computer graphics and image processing techniques. The effective visualization method enables us to observe and analyze the data more intuitively and conveniently, so as to discover the various characteristics and rules hidden in the data, so as to help people better understand the data and make effective decisions. It is found that air quality data is hierarchical and sequential. Many researches have been made on the visualization of hierarchical structure and time series data, but the visualization research on the combination of them is still very limited. By studying various visualization methods of hierarchical structure and time series, we propose three visualization methods of combining hierarchical structure and time series data, including node join tree and histogram visualization. Hyperbolic tree and time disk visualization, hierarchical tree and theme river visualization. They all have their own characteristics and can display hierarchical structure and time series data well. In the method, users can easily observe the data through various interactive techniques, thus finding the characteristics and changing rules of the data, such as periodicity, correlation and anomaly of the data, and so on. On this basis, we set up a visualization system of urban air quality. Firstly, in order to realize the ease of use and expansibility of the system, we implement the privilege management mode based on RBAC. In the system, we use a variety of traditional methods to display the data, and we also integrate the three methods into the system and achieve a good visualization effect.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X84;TP391.41

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