高铁建设生态环保目标规划与监测方法研究

发布时间：2018-10-20 07:23

【摘要】：目前我国高铁已进入快速发展阶段,正处于大规模建设和运营高峰,高铁拉动经济效果显著。但是高铁建设是一把“双刃剑”,高铁对环境的严重破坏不容忽视。本文针对高铁建设对环境造成的影响和破坏,主要研究如何建立科学和准确的高铁建设环境保护目标规划和监测体系,以保证环境保护目标顺利实现。本文首先阐述了本课题的国内外研究现状、研究目的及研究方法。其次针对高铁建设不同数据收集的特点,阐述了高铁建设环保目标规划采用的模型。在建立环保目标规划时,若收集的数据量大,则采用BP神经网络;若数据量较小,则采用灰色时间序列;若无历史数据,则采用德尔菲法。此外本文选取了合理的监测指标,构建了高铁建设环保的监测体系,并选用了合理的监测方法。我国现行的高铁建设环境影响评价中,已对高铁建设期间的噪声环境、振动环境、大气环境、水环境及固体废弃物环境给出了具体的环保目标及监测指标,但在生态环境目标规划方面,大多仅给出了定性的描述,因此本文重点对生态环境进行环保目标的规划及监测指标选取和确定,并选取优势度变化值、适时绿化率、水土流失量、动植物保护度作为生态环境的规划及监测指标。最后,本文引用湖南某高速铁路进行实证研究,在分析高铁现状的基础上,采用BP神经网络、灰色时间序列、德尔菲法为其制定了监测期间的环保目标,并通过PDCA循环等制定环保措施、监测计划,采用“3S”技术法、地面观测法、调查监测法、资料分析法等进行指标的监测。通过每次的循环监测及环保措施的改进,使得高铁建设环保目标得以实现。
[Abstract]:At present, China's high-speed rail has entered the stage of rapid development, is in the peak of large-scale construction and operation, and the economic effect of high-speed rail is remarkable. But the construction of high-speed rail is a double-edged sword, the serious damage to the environment can not be ignored. In view of the environmental impact and damage caused by high-speed railway construction, this paper mainly studies how to establish a scientific and accurate environmental protection target planning and monitoring system for high-speed rail construction, so as to ensure the smooth realization of environmental protection objectives. This paper first describes the domestic and foreign research status, research purposes and research methods. Secondly, according to the characteristics of different data collection in high-speed rail construction, the model of environmental protection goal planning for high-speed rail construction is expounded. In setting up the environmental protection goal planning, if the amount of data collected is large, the BP neural network is used; if the data is small, the grey time series is used; if there is no historical data, the Delphi method is used. In addition, this paper selects reasonable monitoring indexes, constructs the monitoring system of environmental protection for the construction of high iron, and selects reasonable monitoring methods. In the current environmental impact assessment of high iron construction in China, specific environmental protection objectives and monitoring indicators have been given for the noise environment, vibration environment, atmosphere environment, water environment and solid waste environment during the construction of high iron. However, in the aspect of eco-environmental goal planning, most of them only give a qualitative description. Therefore, this paper focuses on the selection and determination of environmental protection target planning and monitoring index, and selects the change value of dominance degree and timely greening rate. Soil and water loss, animal and plant protection as ecological environment planning and monitoring indicators. Finally, based on the analysis of the present situation of high-speed railway in Hunan province, the paper uses BP neural network, gray time series and Delphi method to establish the environmental protection objectives during monitoring. The environmental protection measures, monitoring plan, "3s" technical method, ground observation method, investigation and monitoring method, data analysis method and so on are adopted to monitor the environmental protection through PDCA cycle. Through each cycle monitoring and the improvement of environmental protection measures, the environmental protection goal of high-speed rail construction can be realized.
【学位授予单位】：石家庄铁道大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U238;X731

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