淮南采煤塌陷区生态环境承载力评估及基于WebGIS的承载力评估可视化信息系统的开发

发布时间：2018-10-20 18:33

【摘要】：长期的煤炭开采活动,引发地面塌陷、积水,造成严重的地质生态环境问题。在淮南这个以煤炭业为主的资源依赖性城市,地质生态环境问题尤为突出,严重影响和制约了淮南市社会经济的发展。在此背景下,本研究从淮南采煤塌陷区地质生态环境修复与预警的需求出发,开展采煤塌陷区地质生态环境承载力研究。本文结合研究区生态环境特征,对生态环境承载力的评价方法进行了探讨,主要选择了对该地区生态环境影响最高的三个子系统(土地利用、塌陷积水区水体、大气)中的损害因子构建了淮南采煤塌陷区生态环境承载力定量评价的指标体系和评价模型。对各个子系统的单系统环境承载力进行了定量估算,获得了研究区生态环境损害评价,同时计算分析了各损害因子与煤炭年产量的相关性及单个系统环境承载力与煤炭产量的相关性。计算分析结果表明煤炭开采活动对生态环境的影响有非常大的影响,其中矿区煤炭产量更是直接影响土地利用子系统中的积水区面积扩散和大气环境子系统中的PM10值。在此基础上构建了矿区环境质量综合评价模型,并集成到基于WebGIS和Google Earth API架构的生态环境信息系统中,实现了多源数据的集中管理、网络共享、三维浏览等功能,提供生态环境承载力和环境质量评估的定量过程可视化,为损害的预警预报以及塌陷治理提供决策依据和技术平台。
[Abstract]:Long-term coal mining activities lead to ground collapse and water accumulation, causing serious geological and ecological problems. In Huainan, a resource-dependent city dominated by coal industry, the problem of geological ecological environment is particularly prominent, which seriously affects and restricts the development of social economy in Huainan city. Under this background, this study starts from the demand of restoration and early warning of geological ecological environment in Huainan coal mining subsidence area, and carries out the research on the bearing capacity of geological ecological environment of coal mining subsidence area. Based on the characteristics of ecological environment in the study area, this paper discusses the evaluation method of ecological environment carrying capacity, and mainly selects the three subsystems (land use, water body in collapsing hydrological area) that have the highest impact on the ecological environment in this area. The index system and evaluation model of ecological environment carrying capacity of Huainan coal mining subsidence area were established by the damage factors in the atmosphere. The environmental carrying capacity of each subsystem is estimated quantitatively, and the evaluation of ecological environment damage in the study area is obtained. At the same time, the correlation between the damage factors and the annual coal yield and the correlation between the environmental carrying capacity of a single system and the coal output is calculated and analyzed. The results of calculation and analysis show that the coal mining activity has a great influence on the ecological environment, and the coal production in the mining area has a direct impact on the area diffusion of the hydrological area in the land use subsystem and the PM10 value in the atmospheric environment subsystem. On this basis, a comprehensive evaluation model of environmental quality in mining area is constructed, and integrated into the ecological environment information system based on WebGIS and Google Earth API, which realizes the functions of centralized management of multi-source data, network sharing, three-dimensional browsing and so on. It provides quantitative process visualization of ecological environment carrying capacity and environmental quality assessment, and provides decision basis and technical platform for early warning and forecast of damage and collapse control.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X82;P208

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