石河子大气悬浮颗粒物中化学组分的研究

发布时间：2018-10-21 15:01

【摘要】：大气悬浮颗粒物由于其在大气中分布广泛、化学组成复杂、空间变化大,对全球气候、空气质量影响较大而逐渐受到各方面的专家关注,成为大气科学领域的研究重点。本研究通过分析石河子大气悬浮颗粒物中几种化学组分的基本特性,对石河子大气污染状况有了基本的了解,为以后进一步分析、评价石河子大气污染状况奠定了基础。本研究针对石河子五个具有代表性的功能区,分析了2014年的1月、5月、8月、10月,四个月的大气悬浮颗粒物的污染特征及重金属组分、多环芳烃、水溶性离子组分等。利用原子吸收光谱法测定所采集样品中几种重金属的含量,采用GC/MS测定所采集样品中的多环芳烃的含量,离子色谱法测定样品中水溶性离子的含量。在五个采样点中,南山新区和西城古镇的TSP质量浓度日均值符合环境空气质量标准中的一级标准(120μg/m3),向阳街道的TSP质量浓度日均值符合二级标准(300μg/m3),老街符合TSP质量浓度日均值达到了三级标准(500μg/m3),而工业园区TSP平均质量浓度已经超出了规定的最大限值。石河子的四个季节中,冬季的TSP平均浓度是最高的,夏季最低;工业园区TSP的平均浓度是其他采样站点的3-5倍;西古城镇和南山新区TSP的平均浓度都很低。石河子大气颗粒物中镍的平均浓度为21.47 ng/m3,铬的平均浓度为60.20ng/m3,镉的平均浓度为4.22 ng/m3,铅的平均浓度为122.38 ng/m3,铜的平均浓度为36.82 ng/m3,镁的平均浓度为2664.99 ng/m3,锌的平均浓度为246.24 ng/m3。铬和镉的平均浓度在安全范围(100 ng/m3和1.5 ng/m3)以内。通过测量苯并(a)芘单个化合物浓度,可以对其它的PAHs总量进行评价。石河子大气悬浮颗粒物中16种的含量在各季不尽相同,其中以苯并[b]荧蒽(5环)、屈(4环)、苯并傒(6环)的含量位居前列,其中强致癌的Ba P平均浓度为7.68 ng/m3。全年不同采样点PAHs的平均浓度大小顺序为:工业园区老街向阳街道南山新区西古城镇。石河子春、夏、秋、冬四季PAHs总量浓度分别为108.14、74.05、31.13、48.96 ng/m3。通过相关分析,石河子并没有可以产生F-的污染源,五种离子中SO42-和NH4+的浓度相对较高,工业区的SO42-和Cl-的浓度尤其的高,老街与向阳街道的离子浓度相差不大,南山新区与西古城镇的离子浓度很相近。SO42-和Cl-,NO3-和NH4+的相关性均较高,分别为0.97和0.91。这些离子之间较高的相关性反映了其具有较高的同源性,五个采样点中大气悬浮颗粒物的NO3-/SO42-的质量比都没有达到0.5,所以石河子的污染是以固定源为主。
[Abstract]:Because of its wide distribution in the atmosphere, complex chemical composition, large spatial change, and great influence on global climate and air quality, atmospheric suspended particulates have gradually attracted the attention of experts from all over the world, and have become the focus of atmospheric science research. By analyzing the basic characteristics of several chemical components in Shihezi atmospheric suspended particulates, this study has a basic understanding of Shihezi atmospheric pollution, which lays a foundation for further analysis and evaluation of Shihezi atmospheric pollution. In this study, the pollution characteristics, heavy metal components, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and water-soluble ion components of atmospheric suspended particulates in January, May, August, October, and four months in Shihezi were analyzed. The contents of several heavy metals in the samples were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), the contents of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the samples were determined by GC/MS, and the contents of water-soluble ions in the samples were determined by ion chromatography. In the five sampling sites, The daily mean of TSP concentration in Nanshan New District and Xicheng Ancient Town conforms to the first class standard of ambient air quality standard (120 渭 g/m3), the daily mean value of TSP concentration in Xiangyang street conforms to the second class standard (300 渭 g/m3), and the daily average value of TSP concentration in old street accords with that of TSP. The third class standard (500 渭 g/m3), and the industrial park TSP average mass concentration has exceeded the prescribed maximum limit. In the four seasons of Shihezi, the average concentration of TSP in winter is the highest, the lowest in summer, the average concentration of TSP in industrial park is 3-5 times that of other sampling stations, and the average concentration of TSP in West Ancient Town and Nanshan New area is very low. The average concentration of nickel in particulate matter in Shihezi is 21.47 ng/m3, chromium is 60.20 ng / m3, cadmium is 4.22 ng/m3, lead is 122.38 ng/m3, copper is 36.82 ng/m3, magnesium is 2664.99 ng/m3, zinc is 246.24 ng/m3.. The average concentrations of chromium and cadmium are within a safe range (100 ng/m3 and 1. 5 ng/m3). The total amount of PAHs can be evaluated by measuring the concentration of benzo (a) pyrene single compound. The contents of 16 kinds of suspended particulates in Shihezi atmosphere varied from season to season. The concentrations of benzo [b] fluoranthene (5 rings), qu (4 rings), and benzophane (6 rings) were among the highest in Shihezi. The average concentration of strongly carcinogenic Ba P was 7.68 ng/m3.. The order of average concentration of PAHs at different sampling points in the whole year is: old Street, Xiangyang Street, Industrial Park, Nanshan New area, West Old Town. The total PAHs concentrations of Shihezi in spring, summer, autumn and winter were 108.14 (74.05) and 31.13 (48.96 ng/m3.), respectively. Through the correlation analysis, Shihezi did not produce the pollution source of F-, the concentration of SO42- and NH4 in five kinds of ions was relatively high, the concentration of SO42- and Cl- in industrial area was especially high, the concentration of ions in Laojie and Xiangyang street was not different from that in Xiangyang street. The concentrations of ions in Nanshan New area were similar to those in the West Old Town, and the correlations between SO42-, Cl-,NO3- and NH4 were 0.97 and 0.91respectively. The high correlation between these ions reflects their high homology, and the mass ratio of NO3-/SO42- of atmospheric suspended particulates in the five sampling sites is not up to 0.5, so the pollution of Shihezi is mainly from fixed sources.
【学位授予单位】：石河子大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X513

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