大气污染对北京冬季城市和郊区辐射收支影响的观测分析

发布时间：2018-10-21 19:26

【摘要】：近年来城市化和大气污染对辐射收支的影响日益显著.本研究利用2013—2014年中国科学院大气物理研究所325m铁塔、南郊观象台、密云气象塔、上甸子区域大气本底站四个观测站点的辐射及自动站气象要素数据,采用南郊观象台的能见度资料将观测数据分为清洁天和污染天,并进行类比分析,以1月份为例,研究了北京地区大气污染和城郊差异对辐射收支的影响.结果表明:(1)从月平均值来看,各站污染天入射短波辐射均小于清洁天,衰减最大可达55.8W·m~(-2),直接辐射亦然,衰减最大可达161.1W·m~(-2),散射辐射相反,增加最大值为72.2W·m~(-2);长波辐射污染天大于清洁天,向下向上长波辐射增加最大值分别为85.0 W·m~2和70.0 W·m~(-2),且长波辐射的衰减与污染物浓度和大气温度相关;净辐射白天污染天小于清洁天,夜间相反.(2)从各站的对比可知,大气污染对入射短波辐射的衰减,南部郊区(13.2%)大于北部城区(7.4%),与北京地区"南北两重天"的污染物分布特征一致;且污染物对长短波辐射的影响呈现了从城区到郊区衰减率依次减小的现象.本研究为大气污染与气象条件的相互作用研究提供了观测基础.
[Abstract]:In recent years, the effects of urbanization and air pollution on radiation budget have become increasingly significant. In this study, the radiative and automatic meteorological element data of four observation stations of the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 325m Iron Tower, the Southern suburb Observatory, the Miyun Meteorological Tower and the Shangdian Regional Atmospheric background Station, were used in this study. The observational data are divided into clean sky and polluted day by using visibility data of the southern suburb observatories. Taking January as an example, the effects of air pollution and suburban differences on the radiation budget in Beijing are studied. The results are as follows: (1) from the monthly average, the incidence shortwave radiation of each station is less than that of clean day, and the maximum attenuation is 55.8 W m-2, and the direct radiation is the same, the maximum attenuation is 161.1 W m-2, and the scattering radiation is opposite, the maximum attenuation is 55.8 W m ~ (-2), the maximum attenuation is 161.1 W m ~ (-2), and the maximum attenuation is 161.1 W m ~ (-2). The maximum value of long wave radiation was 72.2 W m ~ (-2), the maximum value of downward long wave radiation was 85.0 W mm2 and 70.0 W m ~ (-2), respectively, and the attenuation of long wave radiation was related to the concentration of pollutants and atmospheric temperature, and the day of net radiation pollution was less than that of clean day, and the maximum value of increasing long wave radiation was 85.0 W mm2 and 70.0 W m ~ (-2), respectively, and the net radiation pollution day was less than that of clean day. (2) from the comparison of stations at night, it can be seen that the attenuation of incident shortwave radiation caused by air pollution in the southern suburb (13.2%) is greater than that in the northern urban area (7.4%), which is consistent with the distribution characteristics of the pollutants in the north and south of Beijing. The effects of pollutants on long and short wave radiation decreased from urban area to suburb. This study provides an observational basis for the study of the interaction between atmospheric pollution and meteorological conditions.
【作者单位】：中国气象科学研究院;中国气象局北京城市气象研究所;中国气象局京津冀环境气象预报预警中心;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(41175015)资助
【分类号】：X51;P422

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