基于排污权的湖北省流域生态补偿标准研究

发布时间：2018-10-22 06:32

【摘要】：湖北省内水资源丰富,有大小河流1193条,总长度3.5万公里,其中长江流入湖北境内1061公里。但是随着南水北调工程的实施,湖北省汉江流域水位下降,生态环境遭受恶化,尤其是汉江襄阳段水域生态功能不断下降。湖北省流域的生态问题越来越突出,水污染防治工作迫在眉睫。国内外研究表明,建立流域生态补偿制度是解决流域生态环境污染,保障人与自然和谐发展的有效途径。其中有效建立流域生态补偿标准模型是完善生态补偿机制的关键,具有很强的现实意义。近年来,我国在流域生态补偿标准的研究方面取得了很大进展,但是不同学者的立意和出发点不尽相同,模型的构建呈现较大差异化。目前为止还没有一套通用于一般省份流域生态补偿标准的研究模型。本课题首先提出了湖北省流域生态补偿的研究背景和意义,总结国内外流域生态补偿标准研究的文献综述,总结出国内几种研究较为常见的补偿标准的计算方法并进行对比分析,分别指出每种计算方法的优缺点,并最终确定采用机会成本法对湖北省流域生态补偿标准进行研究。接下来给出了流域水资源管理及水权交易的内涵分析,并在此基础上引出流域生态补偿的定义,建立了湖北省流域生态补偿标准测算的理论基础。针对于湖北省流域水资源状况和国控废水污染源的分析,本文提出了基于排污权视角的湖北省流域生态补偿研究的内涵界定,并据此构建了湖北省流域生态补偿标准的研究模型。本文以长江流域的四个流经城市武汉市、宜昌市、荆州市、黄石市为样本地区,选取上述四个城市人均GDP和人均工业废水排量连续九年的面板数据,并基于库次涅茨假说构建各城市经济发展水平与排污量的倒U型曲线函数。通过该模型计算出理论排污权与实际排污权的差额,即各城市多使用的或损失的排污权。最后直接引用金帅曾演算的排污权价格,计算出各个城市的补偿标准,结果显示,2013年武汉市和宜昌市的实际排污权大于理论排污权,多使用的排污权乘以排污权价格即可得到该地区应该支付的生态补偿金额,补偿标准分别为4.8464和2.0183亿元。2013年荆州市和黄石市的实际排污权小于理论排污权,少使用的排污权乘以排污权价格即可得到该地区应该获得的生态补偿金额,补偿标准分别为0.2061和2.3628亿元。在上述研究的基础上,本文分别从政策层面、经济层面和技术层面给出湖北省生态补偿量化的政策建议。在政策层面,要建立健全多层次生态补偿机制并强化政府在补偿机制实施上的管理作用;在经济层面,认为要拓宽生态补偿金筹措来源,建立复合式财政转移支付政策;在技术层面,不仅要完善流域水质监测技术,还要大力引进专项技术人才。最终建立科学的湖北省流域生态补偿标准模型,实现流域水资源的高效配置。
[Abstract]:Hubei Province is rich in water resources, with 1193 rivers and 35000 kilometers in length, of which the Yangtze River flows into Hubei Province 1061 kilometers. However, with the implementation of the South-to-North Water transfer Project, the water level in the Hanjiang River basin in Hubei Province has decreased, and the ecological environment has been deteriorated, especially in the Xiangyang section of the Hanjiang River. The ecological problem of Hubei river basin is more and more prominent, water pollution prevention and control work is urgent. Studies at home and abroad show that the establishment of watershed ecological compensation system is an effective way to solve the ecological environment pollution and ensure the harmonious development of man and nature. The effective establishment of the watershed ecological compensation standard model is the key to improve the ecological compensation mechanism and has a strong practical significance. In recent years, great progress has been made in the research of watershed ecological compensation standards in China, but different scholars have different ideas and starting points. Up to now, there is no research model of ecological compensation standard in general provinces. Firstly, the background and significance of the research on watershed ecological compensation in Hubei Province are put forward, and the literature review on the research of watershed ecological compensation standards at home and abroad is summarized. This paper summarizes and compares the calculation methods of several common compensation standards in China, points out the merits and demerits of each calculation method, and finally studies the ecological compensation standard of Hubei river basin by using opportunity cost method. Then the connotation analysis of watershed water resources management and water right transaction is given, and then the definition of watershed ecological compensation is introduced, and the theoretical basis for the calculation of watershed ecological compensation standard in Hubei Province is established. In view of the analysis of water resources and the pollution sources of state-controlled wastewater in Hubei basin, the connotation of ecological compensation research in Hubei basin based on the perspective of sewage discharge rights is proposed in this paper. Based on this, the research model of ecological compensation standard of Hubei river basin is established. In this paper, taking four cities of Yangtze River valley as sample areas, Wuhan, Yichang, Jingzhou and Huangshi, we select the panel data of GDP per capita and industrial wastewater discharge per capita for nine consecutive years in the above four cities. Based on Kutsenets hypothesis, the inverted U-shaped curve function of the level of urban economic development and the amount of sewage discharge is constructed. Through this model, the difference between the theoretical emission rights and the actual emission rights is calculated, that is, the most used or lost emission rights in each city. Finally, the compensation standard of each city is calculated by referring directly to the price of emission rights calculated by Jin Shuai. The results show that the actual emission rights in Wuhan and Yichang in 2013 are larger than those in theory. The amount of ecological compensation that should be paid in this area can be obtained by multiplying the pollution emission rights by the price of the emission rights. The compensation standards are 4.8464 yuan and 201.83 million yuan respectively. In 2013, the actual emission rights of Jingzhou City and Huangshi City are smaller than the theoretical emission rights. The amount of ecological compensation in this area can be obtained by multiplying the less used emission rights by the price of emission rights, and the compensation standard is 0.2061 yuan and 236.28 million yuan respectively. On the basis of the above research, this paper gives the policy recommendations on the quantification of ecological compensation in Hubei Province from the policy level, the economic level and the technical level. At the policy level, we should establish and improve the multi-level ecological compensation mechanism and strengthen the management role of the government in the implementation of the compensation mechanism, and at the economic level, we should broaden the sources of ecological compensation and establish a compound fiscal transfer payment policy. At the technical level, we should not only improve water quality monitoring technology, but also introduce special technical personnel. Finally, a scientific ecological compensation standard model of Hubei river basin is established to realize efficient allocation of water resources.
【学位授予单位】：中南民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X321

【相似文献】