生态浮床栽培基质的筛选及研究

发布时间：2018-10-31 16:06

【摘要】：本文通过现场监测徐州圭河黄桥国控断面上游1000米河段水质,发现其生态治理工程,特别是试验工程——生态浮床对氮、磷的处理效果并不是特别显著,为此本文决定改善生态浮床基质,期望利用以物理吸附为主的基质,通过植物吸收将氮磷带出水体,所以在实验室选择沸石、蛭石和生物炭进行吸附实验,根据三种基质对氮磷的吸附率来确定三种基质的最佳混合配比,然后根据几种配比的混合基质对氮磷的吸附和解吸实验来确定室内水培实验的最优混合基质,最后,在不同的氮磷浓度和有无基质的条件下种植黄花鸢尾,以此来比较基质对植物吸收利用氮磷的作用。本文取得的主要研究结果如下:(1)沸石、蛭石和生物炭对氮、磷的吸附实验中,随着溶液中氮磷浓度的增大,三种基质对氮磷的吸附量都增加,但对氮磷的吸附率却逐渐降低;并且从沸石、蛭石和生物炭对氮磷的等温吸附曲线可以看出,沸石对氛氮的吸附容量最大,蛭石对磷的吸附容量最大。三种基质的比较中,沸石对氨氮和磷的吸附能力都很强。根据沸石、蛭石和生物炭对磷的吸附去除率,再结合考虑沸石对解吸的影响,确定三种基质的混合比例为(沸石:蛭石:生物炭)3:1:1、2:1:1和1:1:1。(2)混合基质对氮磷的吸附实验中,三种比例的混合基质对氨氮的吸附率大小为3:1:11:1:12:1:1,即3:1:1型的混合基质对氨氮的吸附率最大;而2:1:1型的混合基质对磷的吸附率最大。混合基质对氮磷的解吸实验表明,低分子量有机酸能够促进基质对磷的释放,并且混合基质中沸石的量相对增多时,不利于基质对磷的解吸。除此之外,选择3:1:1和2:1:1型的混合基质作为室内水培实验的对象。(3)室内水培实验中,混合基质对鸢尾吸收利用氮起到促进作用,而介于生物炭本身含有磷的原因,基质对植物利用磷的作用还需进一步研究。从收割后黄花鸢尾根、茎中的全磷和全氮量看,2:1:1型的混合基质对鸢尾吸收利用磷的效果要更好一些,而3:1:1型的混合基质对鸢尾吸收利用氛氮的效果要好一些。再结合花盆中基质对氮磷的解吸实验得出的结论是,沸石量相对增多时,不利于鸢尾对磷的吸收,但有利于鸢尾吸收利用氨氮。
[Abstract]:By monitoring the water quality of 1000 meters upstream of the section of Huanghuhe Yellow River Bridge in Xuzhou, this paper finds that the ecological treatment engineering, especially the experimental project, the ecological floating bed, is not particularly effective in the treatment of nitrogen and phosphorus. Therefore, this paper decided to improve the ecological floating bed matrix, expecting to use the physical adsorption matrix to take nitrogen and phosphorus out of the water body through plant absorption. Therefore, zeolite, vermiculite and biochar were selected in the laboratory for adsorption experiments. According to the adsorption rate of nitrogen and phosphorus from three kinds of substrates to determine the optimum mixing ratio of the three kinds of substrates, and then according to the adsorption and desorption experiments of nitrogen and phosphorus on several mixed substrates to determine the optimum mixed substrates of indoor hydroponic experiments, finally, In order to compare the effect of substrate on uptake and utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus under different nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations and with or without substrate, Iris huanghuaensis was planted in order to compare the effect of substrate on uptake and utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus. The main results obtained in this paper are as follows: (1) in the experiments of adsorption of nitrogen and phosphorus by zeolite, vermiculite and biochar, the adsorption capacity of nitrogen and phosphorus increased with the increase of nitrogen and phosphorus concentration in solution. However, the adsorption rate of nitrogen and phosphorus decreased gradually. From the isothermal adsorption curves of zeolite, vermiculite and biochar, it can be seen that zeolite has the largest adsorption capacity for nitrogen and vermiculite for phosphorus. In the comparison of the three substrates, the adsorption ability of zeolite for ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus is very strong. According to the removal rate of phosphorus by zeolite, vermiculite and biochar, and considering the effect of zeolite on desorption, It is determined that the mixing ratios of the three substrates are (zeolite: vermiculite: biochar) 3: 1: 1: 1: 1: 1 and 1: 1: 1. (2) adsorption of nitrogen and phosphorus on mixed substrates. The adsorption rate of ammonia nitrogen on three kinds of mixed substrates is 3: 1: 11: 1: 1: 12: 1: 1, that is, the 3:1:1 mixed matrix has the highest adsorption rate for ammonia nitrogen. The adsorption rate of phosphorus on 2:1:1 mixed matrix was the highest. The desorption of nitrogen and phosphorus by mixed matrix shows that low molecular weight organic acid can promote the release of phosphorus from matrix, and when the amount of zeolite in mixed matrix is relatively increased, it is not conducive to the desorption of phosphorus by matrix. In addition, the mixture substrates of 3:1:1 and 2:1:1 were selected as the subjects of indoor hydroponic experiments. (3) in the indoor hydroponic experiments, the mixed substrates promoted the absorption and utilization of nitrogen in iris. However, the effect of substrate on the utilization of phosphorus in plants should be further studied in view of the reason that biochar contains phosphorus. In terms of the total phosphorus and total nitrogen in the roots and stems of iris after harvest, the effect of 2:1:1 mixed substrate on the absorption and utilization of phosphorus was better. The 3:1:1 mixed substrate had better effect on the absorption and utilization of nitrogen in Iris. Combined with the experiment of nitrogen and phosphorus desorption by substrate in flowerpot, it was concluded that when the amount of zeolite increased relatively, it was not good for the absorption of phosphorus by Iris, but was beneficial to the absorption and utilization of ammonia nitrogen by Iris.
【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X52

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