南京东郊大气颗粒物污染特征及其采样技术的研究

发布时间：2018-11-04 18:21

【摘要】：大气颗粒物污染是近几年城市大气环境中污染状况和危害程度方面最具有代表性的一类空气污染物,不仅会降低空气能见度,引发灰霾天气,还会对人体健康产生不良的影响。首先,运用八级安德森粒度分布采样器采集大气颗粒物,并结合各类大气污染物监测数据,通过数理统计等方法,以2013-2014年间的PM2.5和PM1o为主要研究对象,分析了南京市东郊大气颗粒物的污染特征。研究发现,南京东郊大气颗粒物粒度分布在不同季节均呈双模态分布,分别分布于5.8-10.0μm(粗模态分布)和0.65-2.1 μm(聚积模态分布)之间；温度、相对湿度、降雨量和风速的增加均有利于PM10、PM2.5质量浓度的降低；PM10、PM2.5、SO2、NO2、O3和CO六种大气污染物均有着较强的季节变化特征,且2013至2014年间每个月的首要污染物均为PM2.5; NO2引起的二次硝酸盐气溶胶污染对南京颗粒物污染水平的影响较大,污染气体引起的二次气溶胶污染可能是灰霾天气形成的主要原因之一。在考察南京东郊大气颗粒物污染状况的基础上,还探讨了南京2014年青奥会与2013年亚青会期间的空气质量和管控措施。分析认为,亚青会和青奥会期间的空气质量良好,且各污染物浓度均低于当年8月份的平均浓度,这一方面得益于有利的气象条件,另一方面得益于政府实施的空气质量临时管控措施。将常用干法采样器与自制湿法采样器串联,对干法采样器的逃逸颗粒物进行研究。研究发现,逃逸颗粒物质量浓度越大,空气质量指数(AQI)越高,空气污染状况越严重；颗粒物浓度越大,则逃逸颗粒物占颗粒物浓度的百分比越大；逃逸颗粒物质量浓度约占PM2.5的8%-10%,约占PM1o的6%-7%,约占TSP的5.5%-7%。
[Abstract]:Atmospheric particulate pollution is one of the most representative air pollutants in urban atmospheric environment in recent years. It can not only reduce the visibility of air, cause haze weather, but also have adverse effects on human health. Firstly, the PM2.5 and PM1o from 2013 to 2014 are studied by using the eight grade Anderson particle size distribution sampler to collect atmospheric particulates, combined with the monitoring data of various kinds of air pollutants, and through mathematical statistics. The pollution characteristics of atmospheric particulates in the eastern suburb of Nanjing were analyzed. It is found that the particle size distribution of atmospheric particles in the eastern suburb of Nanjing is bimodal distribution in different seasons, ranging from 5.8-10.0 渭 m (coarse mode distribution) and 0.65-2.1 渭 m (accumulation mode distribution) respectively. The increase of temperature, relative humidity, rainfall and wind speed are all favorable to the decrease of PM10,PM2.5 mass concentration. The six atmospheric pollutants of PM10,PM2.5,SO2,NO2,O3 and CO all have strong seasonal variation characteristics, and the main pollutant of each month from 2013 to 2014 is PM2.5;. The secondary nitrate aerosol pollution caused by NO2 has a great influence on the level of particulate pollution in Nanjing. The secondary aerosol pollution caused by the polluted gas may be one of the main reasons for the formation of haze weather. Based on the investigation of atmospheric particulate pollution in the eastern suburb of Nanjing, the air quality and control measures of Nanjing 2014 Youth Olympic Games and 2013 Asian Youth Commission were also discussed. The analysis shows that the air quality of YYC and YOC is good, and the concentration of each pollutant is lower than the average concentration in August of that year. This is due to the favorable weather conditions. On the other hand, thanks to temporary air quality control measures implemented by the government. A series of dry samplers and self-made wet samplers were used to study the escaping particulates of dry-process samplers. It was found that the higher the mass concentration of escaping particles, the higher the air quality index (AQI), the more serious the air pollution, and the greater the percentage of escaping particles in the concentration of particulate matter. The mass concentration of escaping particles accounted for about 8-10% of PM2.5, about 6-7% of PM1o, about 5.5 -7% of TSP.
【学位授予单位】：南京理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X513;X831

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