冠醚接枝和胺肟化聚丙烯腈接枝壳聚糖对水中铀（Ⅵ）吸附性能的研究
发布时间：2018-11-04 20:47
【摘要】：近年来随着我国治理大气污染的形势日趋严峻,对清洁能源的需求已十分迫切,作为清洁能源的一种,核电的大规模建设已渐渐开展,数量众多的核电站在为国民经济提供动力的同时,也需消耗大量铀燃料。这对铀矿开采和铀燃料生产提出了更高的要求,开展铀污染防治研究,尤其是铀废水处理研究也已迫在眉睫。 在众多重金属废水处理方法中,吸附法是一种成本低廉、操作简便、效果良好的方法。天然高分子吸附材料壳聚糖富含活性基团羟基和氨基,对多种重金属具有较强的吸附效果,但其可溶解于弱酸性水体,物理机械强度较弱,对铀的选择吸附性能一般,限制了其在铀废水处理方面的应用。壳聚糖与冠醚接枝可改进壳聚糖的选择吸附性,提高其不溶解性。胺肟基具有生物相容性,对铀的选择吸附性较好,胺肟化聚丙烯腈壳聚糖可同时改善壳聚糖的物理性质与选择吸附性。 响应面分析方法是一种多因素分析方法,在多种工业领域已被广泛应用与认可,将其运用于铀吸附研究,可分析多因素相互作用对于因变量的影响,优化得到最佳实验因素值,这是常规的单因素方法所不具备的,其分析结果直观而全面。 本文通过接枝反应,成功合成了苯并-15-冠醚-5接枝壳聚糖(CTCE):通过接枝共聚与胺肟化反应,成功合成了胺肟化聚丙烯腈接枝壳聚糖(CTS-g-PAO)。对于两种材料,通过响应面分析方法准确拟合了溶液初始pH值、铀浓度和固液比对铀(Ⅵ)吸附量与吸附率的影响(模型p-value均小于0.01,达到极显著水平)。研究结果表明两种材料均在弱酸性条件下(pH值约为6.0～7.0)取得了较好的吸附效果,CTCE和CTS-g-PAO对铀的最佳吸附量和吸附率分别为234.26mg/L、79.92%和312.06mg/g、86.02%。 动力学与热力学分析表明CTCE和CTS-g-PAO对铀的吸附过程都更符合准二级吸附动力学模型和Langmuir等温吸附模型。结合FTIR分析结果,CTCE和CTS-g-PAO对铀的吸附过程应为螯合反应。CTS-g-PAO经三次吸附洗脱仍保持80%以上的吸附量,CTS-g-PAO比普通壳聚糖具有更好的选择吸附性与物理特性。以上结果表明CTS-g-PAO具有良好的实际应用前景。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the increasingly serious situation of controlling air pollution in China, the demand for clean energy has become very urgent. As a kind of clean energy, the large-scale construction of nuclear power has been gradually carried out. A large number of nuclear power plants, while providing power to the national economy, also need to consume a large amount of uranium fuel. This puts forward higher requirements for uranium mining and uranium fuel production, and it is urgent to carry out research on uranium pollution prevention and control, especially on the treatment of uranium wastewater. Among many heavy metal wastewater treatment methods, adsorption method is a cheap, simple and effective method. Chitosan, a natural polymer adsorption material, is rich in active groups of hydroxyl groups and amino groups, and has a strong adsorption effect on many heavy metals, but it can be dissolved in weak acid water, and its physical and mechanical strength is weak. Its application in uranium wastewater treatment is limited. Graft copolymerization of chitosan with crown ether can improve the selectivity and insolubility of chitosan. The amoxime group has biocompatibility and good selective adsorption of uranium. The amoxime polyacrylonitrile chitosan can improve the physical properties and selective adsorption of chitosan simultaneously. Response surface analysis (RSM) is a multi-factor analysis method, which has been widely used and recognized in many industrial fields. It can be applied to the study of uranium adsorption. The effect of multi-factor interaction on dependent variables can be analyzed, and the optimum experimental factors can be obtained. This is not available in the conventional single-factor method, and the results are intuitive and comprehensive. In this paper, the graft copolymerization of benzo-15-crown-ether-5 chitosan (CTCE):) with amine oximation was carried out successfully, and the acrylonitrile grafted chitosan (CTS-g-PAO) was successfully synthesized by graft copolymerization of benzo-15-crown-ether-5 chitosan. For the two materials, the effects of the initial pH value, the concentration of uranium and the ratio of solid to liquid on the adsorption capacity and adsorption rate of uranium (鈪，
本文编号：2311090
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the increasingly serious situation of controlling air pollution in China, the demand for clean energy has become very urgent. As a kind of clean energy, the large-scale construction of nuclear power has been gradually carried out. A large number of nuclear power plants, while providing power to the national economy, also need to consume a large amount of uranium fuel. This puts forward higher requirements for uranium mining and uranium fuel production, and it is urgent to carry out research on uranium pollution prevention and control, especially on the treatment of uranium wastewater. Among many heavy metal wastewater treatment methods, adsorption method is a cheap, simple and effective method. Chitosan, a natural polymer adsorption material, is rich in active groups of hydroxyl groups and amino groups, and has a strong adsorption effect on many heavy metals, but it can be dissolved in weak acid water, and its physical and mechanical strength is weak. Its application in uranium wastewater treatment is limited. Graft copolymerization of chitosan with crown ether can improve the selectivity and insolubility of chitosan. The amoxime group has biocompatibility and good selective adsorption of uranium. The amoxime polyacrylonitrile chitosan can improve the physical properties and selective adsorption of chitosan simultaneously. Response surface analysis (RSM) is a multi-factor analysis method, which has been widely used and recognized in many industrial fields. It can be applied to the study of uranium adsorption. The effect of multi-factor interaction on dependent variables can be analyzed, and the optimum experimental factors can be obtained. This is not available in the conventional single-factor method, and the results are intuitive and comprehensive. In this paper, the graft copolymerization of benzo-15-crown-ether-5 chitosan (CTCE):) with amine oximation was carried out successfully, and the acrylonitrile grafted chitosan (CTS-g-PAO) was successfully synthesized by graft copolymerization of benzo-15-crown-ether-5 chitosan. For the two materials, the effects of the initial pH value, the concentration of uranium and the ratio of solid to liquid on the adsorption capacity and adsorption rate of uranium (鈪，
本文编号：2311090
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