水电工程施工期环境监理研究
发布时间：2018-11-05 19:25
【摘要】：进入21世纪以来,环境污染问题日益严重,而我国建设项目的环境管理主要集中在项目审批、竣工验收两个阶段；对工程项目的建设过程造成的环境影响缺乏有效管理,尤其对于交通、水利水电、石油开发等非污染生态类建设项目的环境管理。环境保护工作成明显“哑铃”型特点,以至于工程竣工时,生态破坏早已形成,尤其是对自然保护区、生态功能保护区及自然景观的环境破坏已不可逆转。本文围绕工程实例,运用模糊层次分析法对环境监理工作进行研究,主要工作内容如下：1、水电行业环境监理管理机制特点研究,本文主要对坝式电站和引水式电站进行重点分析。坝式电站在建设规模上属面状工程,环境影响较为集中,容易开展环境监理工作；引水式电站作为线状工程,影响范围大,监理重点主要集中在沿线生态破话恢复、水生生态保护等方面；监理难度大,人员投入多；2、结合工程实例建立层次结构模型,以环境影响报告书为基础,将环境监理效果作为目标层,水环境、声环境、大气环境等影响因子作为准则层,对应的治理防护措施作为最底层；3、采用专家调查法打分的形式,对目标决策的影响因素构造判断矩阵,并验证其一致合理性,最后通过数据处理,得出影响因素权重排序；4、对判断矩阵进行层次排序,得出结论：生态破坏F和生活污水A3在总排序中权重较高,监理单位应要求施工方进行植被恢复,减少施工扰动,防止水土流失,必要时设旁站监理；对水环境污染应要求施工单位修建污水处理设施、配备污水处理设备等措施。
[Abstract]:Since the beginning of the 21st century, the environmental pollution problem has become more and more serious, and the environmental management of construction projects in China is mainly focused on the two stages of project approval, completion and acceptance. There is a lack of effective management of the environmental impact caused by the construction process of engineering projects, especially for non-polluting ecological construction projects such as transportation, water conservancy and hydropower, oil exploitation and so on. The work of environmental protection is obviously "dumbbell" type, so that when the project is completed, the ecological damage has already been formed, especially to the nature reserve, the ecological function protection area and the natural landscape environment damage has become irreversible. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1. The characteristics of management mechanism of environmental supervision in hydropower industry are studied. This paper mainly analyzes the dam type power station and the diversion type power station. The construction scale of dam type power station belongs to plane engineering, and the environmental impact is concentrated, so it is easy to carry out environmental supervision work. As a linear project, water diversion power station has a large scope of influence, and the supervision focuses on the restoration of ecological damage along the line, the protection of aquatic ecology, and so on. 2. Based on the environmental impact statement (EIS), the hierarchical structure model is established, and the effect of environmental supervision is regarded as the target layer, the water environment, the sound environment, the atmospheric environment and so on as the criterion layer. The corresponding control and protection measures are regarded as the lowest level; 3. In the form of expert investigation, the judgment matrix is constructed for the influencing factors of the target decision, and its consistency is verified. Finally, the weight ranking of the influencing factors is obtained through data processing. 4. The hierarchical ranking of judgment matrix is carried out, and it is concluded that ecological damage F and domestic sewage A3 have a high weight in the total ranking. The supervision unit should require the construction side to restore vegetation, reduce the construction disturbance and prevent soil erosion. If necessary, set up side stations to supervise; Water pollution should require construction units to build sewage treatment facilities and provide sewage treatment equipment and other measures.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X328
本文编号：2313130
[Abstract]:Since the beginning of the 21st century, the environmental pollution problem has become more and more serious, and the environmental management of construction projects in China is mainly focused on the two stages of project approval, completion and acceptance. There is a lack of effective management of the environmental impact caused by the construction process of engineering projects, especially for non-polluting ecological construction projects such as transportation, water conservancy and hydropower, oil exploitation and so on. The work of environmental protection is obviously "dumbbell" type, so that when the project is completed, the ecological damage has already been formed, especially to the nature reserve, the ecological function protection area and the natural landscape environment damage has become irreversible. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1. The characteristics of management mechanism of environmental supervision in hydropower industry are studied. This paper mainly analyzes the dam type power station and the diversion type power station. The construction scale of dam type power station belongs to plane engineering, and the environmental impact is concentrated, so it is easy to carry out environmental supervision work. As a linear project, water diversion power station has a large scope of influence, and the supervision focuses on the restoration of ecological damage along the line, the protection of aquatic ecology, and so on. 2. Based on the environmental impact statement (EIS), the hierarchical structure model is established, and the effect of environmental supervision is regarded as the target layer, the water environment, the sound environment, the atmospheric environment and so on as the criterion layer. The corresponding control and protection measures are regarded as the lowest level; 3. In the form of expert investigation, the judgment matrix is constructed for the influencing factors of the target decision, and its consistency is verified. Finally, the weight ranking of the influencing factors is obtained through data processing. 4. The hierarchical ranking of judgment matrix is carried out, and it is concluded that ecological damage F and domestic sewage A3 have a high weight in the total ranking. The supervision unit should require the construction side to restore vegetation, reduce the construction disturbance and prevent soil erosion. If necessary, set up side stations to supervise; Water pollution should require construction units to build sewage treatment facilities and provide sewage treatment equipment and other measures.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X328
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