厌氧氨氧化UASB运行过程的紫外与荧光光谱分析

发布时间：2018-11-06 12:31

【摘要】：厌氧氨氧化工艺是最具开发潜能的新型脱氮工艺之一。与传统的硝化反硝化生物脱氮技术相比,厌氧氨氧化技术无需外加有机碳源,有效防止了投加碳源产生的二次污染,节省了供氧的动力消耗。因此,厌氧氨氧化技术具有较好的研究价值和开发前景。但厌氧氨氧化微生物增值速度慢,难以富集,反应器启动缓慢。若能快速分析获取反应器运行状态信息,进而对反应器进行有效监测和反馈控制,则会优化反应器的启动与运行。现有的分析方法需要消耗大量化学药剂且步骤烦琐,难以及时准确反映其变化趋势。紫外与荧光光谱技术具有快速和灵敏的优点,能够快速获得出水中硝酸盐氮、亚硝酸盐氮的浓度变化以及荧光有机物的种类与含量变化,可解决厌氧氨氧化反应器现有分析方法难以解决的问题。本文利用常规化学分析方法、三维荧光光谱法和紫外光谱对厌氧氨氧化UASB反应器启动及正常运行阶段进行研究。主要研究内容及结论如下:1.采用自制的UASB反应器,在特定条件下驯化取自合肥市经济技术开发区污水处理厂厌氧池的污泥,富集厌氧氨氧化细菌。经过150天的运行,UASB反应器表现出了较好的脱氮能力,厌氧氨氧化效果明显。研究揭示,ANAMMOX反应器的启动过程经历了菌体自溶,活性表现和活性稳定3个阶段。在菌体自溶阶段,反应器污泥中的部分微生物无法适应外界环境而自溶解体释放出氨和有机质,从而导致出水中氨氮浓度有所升高,反应器中以菌体自溶和反硝化作用为主,无ANAMMOX功能。在活性表现阶段,出水中氨氮浓度开始有所降低,检测到了少量的硝酸盐氮,氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮的去除率逐渐升高,该阶段反应器厌氧氨氧化功能逐渐增强。在活性稳定阶段,出水中几乎检测不到亚硝酸盐氮,亚硝酸盐氮和氨氮作为厌氧氨氧化细菌的底物,其去除率都得到了很大的提高,厌氧氨氧化微生物的活性明显提高。2.在反应器启动的基础上,探讨有机底物对厌氧氨氧化产生的抑制作用。本研究采用蔗糖废水模拟冲击负荷,在COD值为300 mg/L的条件下,研究有机物对厌氧氨氧化细菌的冲击影响。研究发现,在有机物存在的条件下,反应器中的异养微生物表现出较强的竞争优势,反应器内异养反硝化作用得以表现,厌氧氨氧化过程受到抑制,导致反应器脱氮能力的下降。3.采用三维荧光光谱表征了厌氧氨氧化UASB反应器启动过程中和有机冲击负荷条件下的出水样品,应用平行因子分析方法解析样品中各主成分的三维荧光光谱图。研究结果表明:反应器启动阶段,出水中含有类蛋白质、类富里酸和类腐殖酸物质,主要源于接种污泥的菌体自溶和残留有机物厌氧发酵。随着反应器的运行,出水中的类蛋白质,类富里酸物质和类腐殖酸荧光物质逐渐减少。在有机冲击负荷条件下,出水中的类蛋白质组分迅速增加并成为反应器出水中的主要荧光物质。该研究为厌氧氨氧化的启动及运行控制的监控表征提供了新的方法。4.采用离子色谱方法分析了厌氧氨氧化反应过程硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的浓度,结合水样的紫外光谱,采用偏最小二乘法建立样品浓度与光谱数据的关系模型。硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的测量值与预测值之间的相关系数分别达到0.950和0.948,相关度较高,并用建立的模型反演出预测集中待测组分的浓度,结果令人满意。紫外光谱和荧光光谱两种分析手段的有机结合,能够对厌氧氨氧化过程进行表征,并可实现反应器的有效监测,进而为厌氧氨氧化工艺的推广提供研究基础。
[Abstract]:The anaerobic ammoxidation process is one of the most developing potential nitrogen-removing processes. Compared with the traditional nitrification and denitrification biological denitrification technology, the anaerobic ammoxidation technology does not need to be applied with an organic carbon source, and the secondary pollution generated by the feeding carbon source is effectively prevented, and the power consumption of the oxygen supply is saved. Therefore, the anaerobic ammoxidation technology has good research value and development prospect. but the anaerobic ammoxidation microorganism has low value-added speed and is difficult to enrich, and the reactor starts to be slow. if that operation state information of the reactor can be quickly analyze, and then the reactor is effectively monitor and feedback control, the start and operation of the reactor are optimized. The existing analytical method needs to consume a large amount of chemical agents and the steps are complicated, and the change tendency is difficult to be accurately reflected in time. The ultraviolet and fluorescence spectrum technology has the advantages of fast and sensitive, can quickly obtain the change of the concentration of nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in the water and the change of the type and the content of the fluorescent organic matters, and can solve the problem that the existing analytical method of the anaerobic ammoxidation reactor is difficult to solve. In this paper, the start-up and the normal operation phase of the anaerobic ammoxidation UASB reactor were studied by conventional chemical analysis method, three-dimensional fluorescence spectrometry and ultraviolet spectrum. The main contents and conclusions are as follows: 1. Using the self-made UASB reactor, the sludge from the anaerobic tank of the sewage treatment plant of Hefei Economic and Technological Development Zone was acclimated under specific conditions, and the anaerobic ammoxidation bacteria were enriched. After 150 days of operation, the UASB reactor showed good denitrification capability, and the anaerobic ammoxidation effect was obvious. The study revealed that the start-up of the AAMMOX reactor experienced three stages of autolysis, activity and activity of the cells. in that self-dissolving stage of the thalli, some of the microorganism in the sludge of the reactor can not adapt to the external environment, and the ammonia and the organic matter are released from the dissolving body, so that the concentration of the ammonia nitrogen in the water is increased, and the reactor has the function of self-dissolving and denitrification, and the AAMMOX function is not available. In the active performance stage, the ammonia-nitrogen concentration in the water is decreased, and a small amount of nitrate nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen are detected to be gradually increased, and the anaerobic ammonia oxidation function of the reactor is gradually enhanced. in that active stable stage, almost no nitrite nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen are detected as the substrate of the anaerobic ammoxidation bacteria, and the removal rate of the nitrite nitrogen and the ammonia nitrogen is greatly improved, and the activity of the anaerobic ammoxidation microorganism is obviously improved. The inhibitory effect of the organic substrate on the oxidation of the anaerobic ammoxidation was investigated on the basis of the start-up of the reactor. The impact of organic matter on the anaerobic ammoxidation bacteria was studied under the condition of the COD value of 300 mg/ L. It was found that in the presence of organic matter, the heterotrophic microorganisms in the reactor showed a strong competitive advantage, the heterotrophic denitrification in the reactor was shown, and the anaerobic ammoxidation process was inhibited, resulting in a decrease in the nitrogen removal capacity of the reactor. The three-dimensional fluorescence spectra of the main components in the sample were analyzed by the method of parallel factor analysis. The results of the study show that in the start-up stage of the reactor, the water-out water contains a class-like protein, a class-rich acid and a humic acid-like substance, which is mainly caused by the self-dissolution of the thalli and the residual organic matter anaerobic fermentation of the inoculated sludge. With the operation of the reactor, the like proteins in the water, the rich-rich acid substance and the humic acid fluorescent substance are gradually reduced. Under the condition of organic impact load, the component of the protein in the water rapidly increases and becomes the main fluorescent material in the reactor effluent. The study provides a new method for the monitoring and characterization of the initiation and operation control of the anaerobic ammoxidation. The relationship between the concentration of nitrate and nitrite in the anaerobic ammonium oxidation reaction was analyzed by the method of ion chromatography, and the relationship between the concentration of the sample and the spectral data was established by the partial least square method in combination with the ultraviolet spectrum of the water sample. The correlation coefficient between the measured value and the predicted value of nitrate and nitrite reached 0.950 and 0.948, respectively, and the correlation coefficient was high, and the concentration of the components to be measured was concentrated by the established model anti-performance prediction, and the result was satisfactory. the organic combination of the ultraviolet spectrum and the fluorescence spectrum can be used for the characterization of the anaerobic ammoxidation process, and the effective monitoring of the reactor can be realized, thereby providing a research basis for the popularization of the anaerobic ammoxidation process.
【学位授予单位】：安徽建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X703

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