秸轩酒精废水生化处理及主要污染物的降解研究

发布时间：2018-11-11 10:20

【摘要】：目前,在能源燃料出现危机以及工业乙醇需求量日趋升高的背景下,酒精被认为是最可能成为石油代替品的能源燃料。某些国内外乙醇制备企业秉着“以废治废”原则,利用农作物秸秆,采用非粮原料制备酒精的技术得到广泛的认可与发展。然而,在其生产过程中会产生大量难降解秸秆酒精废水。该秸秆酒精废水的研究多限于厌氧、好氧生化处理,处理出水仍不能达标排放。因此本实验采用厌氧、好氧、深度处理工艺对秸秆酒精废水进行处理,分别探讨了不同影响因素,研究阐述各阶段的运行控制参数,重点阐述了COD和NH4+-N等变化规律。同时,研究秸秆酒精废水中主要污染物的各个阶段变化情况,突出主要污染物质,针对糠醛这一主要污染物从定性、定量角度分析研究COD及其降解情况。研究结果表明:(1)在秸秆酒精废水原水连续进入UASB中,控制温度为34℃,进水pH值为7,HRT为4天的条件下,UASB反应器对秸秆酒精废水的COD去除效果最佳,去除率能达到69%。此时,出水COD浓度为8100mg/L左右,pH为8.2左右,COD负荷为4.5 kg/(m3·d)。(2)在秸秆酒精厌氧出水作为好氧处理连续进水实验研究中,控制温度为34℃,进水pH值为7.5,HRT为4天的条件下,COD去除效果最佳,去除率能达到75.3%。此时,出水COD浓度为2000mg/L左右,pH为8.0左右,COD负荷为1.53kg/(m3·d)。(3)在深度处理阶段,通过单因素实验,最终确定取好氧废水200mL,控制Fe2+/H2O2浓度比为0.8:1,H2O2量为3.5mL,调节pH值3.5,控制反应时间为30min时,TOC由2000mg/L降解到285mg/L,去除率为85.8%。(4)从整个过程来看,经过厌氧、好氧、深度处理后,COD去除率为98.31%、TOC去除率为97.19%、TN去除率为93.70%、TP去除率为93.89%、NH4+-N去除率为94.63%,最后均能达到《污水排入城镇下水道水质标准》(CJ343-2010)排放标准。(5)秸秆酒精废水主要含有酸类、醇类、糠醛、苯酚、呋喃类、酚类、环烯醇类、偶氮类及大分子有机物等50多种有机物,使得废水降解难度较高。其中,糠醛含量最高,约占5%左右,是废水中主要污染物。秸秆酒精废水经过厌氧、好氧生物处理后主要含有的酸类、醇类、糠醛、苯酚、呋喃类、酚类、环烯醇类、偶氮类及大分子有机物均出现有效的去除和降解,仅有部分的偶氮类及大分子未充分的去除。
[Abstract]:At present, under the background of the crisis of energy fuel and the increasing demand for industrial ethanol, alcohol is considered as the most likely substitute for oil. According to the principle of "treating waste by waste", some domestic and foreign ethanol preparation enterprises have been widely recognized and developed by using crop straw and using non-grain raw materials to produce alcohol. However, a large amount of straw alcohol wastewater can be produced in the process of production. The study of the straw alcohol wastewater is limited to anaerobic, aerobic biochemical treatment, the effluent still can not meet the discharge standards. In this experiment, anaerobic, aerobic and advanced treatment processes were used to treat straw alcohol wastewater. Different influencing factors were discussed, and the operation control parameters of each stage were studied. The variation of COD and NH4 N was emphasized. At the same time, the changes of main pollutants in straw alcohol wastewater were studied, and the main pollutants were highlighted. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of COD and its degradation was carried out in view of furfural as the main pollutant. The results showed that: (1) under the conditions of continuous entry of raw water from straw alcohol wastewater into UASB, control temperature of 34 鈩，

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