关于生态屏障若干问题的探讨

发布时间：2018-11-14 09:23

【摘要】：生态屏障是生态文明建设中构建国家生态安全战略格局的重要组成部分,生态安全是生态屏障建设的目标,生态屏障则是生态安全的保障。许多学者从不同角度对生态屏障理论与方法进行了深入的探讨,进而形成生态屏障是处于特定的区域,具有保护功能的生态安全系统的理念,但由于生态屏障具有复杂性与特殊性,目前其概念、类型及特点等尚处于发展中。文章在总结前人研究基础上,基于生态系统服务理论,梳理了生态屏障的概念及内涵,认为生态屏障多处于过渡地带,是经过人工改良的具有明确保护与防御对象的复合生态系统,具有一定的空间跨度,在空间上呈封闭或半封闭分布,能提升生态系统服务,促进区域或国家生态安全。它具有如下特点:(1)防护性,即对反生态系统服务的防御或者对正生态系统服务的保护;(2)梯度性,即根据保护的区域重要性或者反生态系统服务的严重程度而建立的不同等级的生态屏障;(3)指向性,即生态屏障具有明显的方向性;(4)动态性。本文根据屏障对象性质将生态屏障划分为正向服务保护型、反向服务防护型和退化服务恢复型,其中"两屏三带"防护体系中的东北森林带为正向服务保护型,北方防沙带、川滇-黄土高原生态屏障和南方丘陵山地带为反向服务防护型,青藏高原生态屏障则为退化服务恢复型。该研究可为生态保护和恢复提供科学基础。
[Abstract]:Ecological barrier is an important part of constructing the national ecological security strategic pattern in the construction of ecological civilization. Ecological security is the goal of ecological barrier construction and ecological barrier is the guarantee of ecological security. Many scholars have deeply discussed the theory and method of ecological barrier from different angles, and then formed the idea that ecological barrier is an ecological security system which is located in a specific area and has the function of protection. However, because of its complexity and particularity, the concept, types and characteristics of ecological barrier are still under development. Based on the theory of ecosystem service, this paper summarizes the concept and connotation of ecological barrier, and holds that the ecological barrier is mostly in the transition zone. It is a compound ecosystem with definite protection and defense objects, which has a certain space span and is distributed in closed or semi-closed space. It can enhance ecosystem service and promote regional or national ecological security. It has the following characteristics: (1) protection, that is, the defense of anti-ecosystem services or the protection of positive ecosystem services; (2) gradient, that is, the ecological barrier of different levels established according to the regional importance of protection or the severity of anti-ecosystem services; (3) directivity, that is, the obvious directionality of ecological barrier; and (4) dynamics. According to the nature of barrier object, ecological barrier is divided into three types: forward service protection type, reverse service protection type and degraded service recovery type. The northeast forest belt in the "two screen and three belt" protection system is a positive service protection type, and the northern sand prevention belt. The ecological barrier of Sichuan-Yunnan-Loess Plateau and the southern hilly area are reverse service protection type, while the ecological barrier of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is retrogressive service recovery type. This study can provide scientific basis for ecological protection and restoration.
【作者单位】：长安大学地球科学与资源学院;
【基金】：陕西省自然科学基金项目(2014JM5211) 陕西省教育厅重点实验室科研计划项目(14JS010)
【分类号】：X321

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