红外光谱法快速识别溢油的关键技术研究

发布时间：2018-11-15 13:11

【摘要】：随着溢油污染形势的日益严峻,溢油鉴别方法面临前所未有的新挑战。如何快速准确地确定溢油污染源,对锁定肇事者,采取有效的应急处置措施,减轻溢油污染损失起着至关重要的作用。目前,化学指纹法是国内外用于溢油鉴别的常用方法,精度高,但效率低、成本高、操作复杂、依赖于配制的化学溶液。红外光谱法则具有快速、简便、低成本的优点,但精度低。论文在总结国内外溢油识别最新研究成果的基础上,对180#燃料油及其风化产品进行实验分析,以气相色谱的正构烷烃成分比例作为初始权值,与红外光谱标样主成分相乘并加权求和,得到燃料油的初始红外光谱图,和实验测得的原始谱图对比,优化权值,从而建立基于气相色谱的红外光谱快速识别溢油方法。衰减全反射红外光谱法对180#燃料油及其风化产品进行检测,能快速识别油品类别,但无法识别溢油风化程度；气相色谱法能识别其风化程度,但耗时长、实验流程繁琐、实验耗材消耗量大。基于气相色谱的红外光谱快速识别溢油方法对180#燃料油及其风化产品进行检测,无需制样,实时性好,易于携带,检测效率比气相色谱法提高18倍以上,检测成本降低约10倍。实验结果表明,本文提出的基于气相色谱的红外光谱快速识别溢油方法,能够克服红外光谱精度低及气相色谱法速度慢的缺点,显著提高溢油识别精度,快速、准确、低成本地识别溢油及其风化产品。此方法在油指纹的快速识别领域具有较广阔的应用前景,为溢油源的快速识别,事故责任人的认定提供技术支持,为国家海洋防灾减灾和维护国家海洋权益提供科学依据。
[Abstract]:With the increasingly serious oil spill pollution situation, oil spill identification methods are facing unprecedented new challenges. How to quickly and accurately determine the source of oil spill plays an important role in locking the perpetrators, taking effective emergency measures and reducing the loss of oil spill pollution. At present, chemical fingerprint method is a common method used in oil spill identification at home and abroad. It has high precision, low efficiency, high cost, complex operation, and depends on the preparation of chemical solution. The infrared spectrum rule has the advantages of fast, simple and low cost, but the accuracy is low. On the basis of summing up the latest research results of oil spill identification at home and abroad, the 180# fuel oil and its weathered products are analyzed experimentally. The proportion of n-alkanes in gas chromatography is taken as the initial weight. The initial infrared spectrum of fuel oil is obtained by multiplying and summing up the principal components of the standard sample of infrared spectrum, and compared with the original spectrum obtained by experiment, the weight value is optimized, and the fast identification method of oil spill based on infrared spectrum based on gas chromatography is established. The detection of 180# fuel oil and its weathering products by attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy can quickly identify the oil category, but it can not identify the weathering degree of oil spill. Gas chromatography can identify the weathering degree, but it takes a long time, the experimental process is cumbersome, and the consumption of experimental consumables is large. 180# fuel oil and its weathered products are detected by infrared spectrum based on gas chromatography. The results show that 180# fuel oil and its weathered products are easy to carry, real-time and easy to carry. The detection efficiency is more than 18 times higher than that of gas chromatography. The cost of detection was reduced by about 10 times. The experimental results show that the proposed fast identification method based on gas chromatography can overcome the shortcomings of low infrared spectrum precision and slow gas chromatography speed, and improve the oil spill recognition accuracy, speed and accuracy. Identify oil spills and weathered products at low cost. This method has a broad application prospect in the field of oil fingerprint rapid identification, provides technical support for the quick identification of oil spill sources and the identification of the persons responsible for accidents, and provides scientific basis for national marine disaster prevention and mitigation and the maintenance of national marine rights and interests.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X87;X834

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