某河流突发性污染事件的环境影响及应急对策研究
发布时间：2018-11-18 07:34
【摘要】：随着我国工农业生产节奏的加快,各类突发性河流污染事故的发生越加频繁,由此引起的环境问题不容忽视。河流的突发性污染是由于人的行为使河道水质在短期内恶变速率突然加大的水污染现象,具有水质变化速率大、水质恢复正常较快、易形成水污染事故、难及时采取防御措施等特点。本论文通过资料收集、现状监测、数据分析及水质预测模型的应用对某河流突发性氨氮污染事件进行研究,探索采取人工强制性措施后河流中污染物质的变化规律,提出适合于河流突发性污染事件的应急对策,对今后河流突发性污染事件的处理和控制具有一定的借鉴意义和实用价值。研究结果表明,在河流氨氮污染事件发生后,采用人工降雨、调入其它河段河水等人工强制性应急措施,污染物能得到较好控制,10天后河流水质恢复到原有水平。氨氮作为主要污染物,在河流突发性污染事件中其浓度的降低是由河流稀释及溶解氧氧化共同作用的,其中氧化作用较明显,随着河水中溶解氧的大量消耗,氨氮被氧化为亚硝酸盐氮和硝酸盐氮,在氨氮浓度大幅降低后,溶解氧的浓度回升。河流流速是影响污染物在河流中扩散的重要因素,污染物扩散速度及衰减速度与河流流速呈正相关,可通过控制河流的流速,达到控制污染物扩散的目的。本研究采用时间序列模型对河流水质进行模拟计算,计算结果与实际监测结果相吻合,氨氮浓度在事件发生后的第14天降低到10mg/L以下,在第22天降低到1mg/L以下,由此可知,引水措施对污染物的控制效果较好,且经济适用。
[Abstract]:With the rapid pace of industrial and agricultural production in China, various sudden river pollution accidents occur more and more frequently, resulting in environmental problems can not be ignored. The sudden pollution of rivers is caused by human behavior, which causes the water quality of the river to increase suddenly in a short period of time. It has the characteristics of large water quality change rate, fast water quality return to normal, and easy to form water pollution accidents. Difficult to take defensive measures in time and other characteristics. Through data collection, current situation monitoring, data analysis and the application of water quality prediction model, this paper studies the sudden ammonia nitrogen pollution events in a river, and explores the variation law of pollutants in a river after the adoption of artificial compulsory measures. The emergency countermeasures suitable for the sudden pollution events of rivers are put forward, which have certain reference significance and practical value for the treatment and control of the sudden pollution incidents of rivers in the future. The results show that after the ammonia nitrogen pollution event, artificial rainfall and other artificial compulsory emergency measures can be used to control the pollutants, and the water quality of the river will recover to its original level 10 days later. Ammonia nitrogen, as the main pollutant, decreases its concentration by river dilution and dissolved oxygen oxidation in the sudden pollution event, and the oxidation effect is obvious, with the large consumption of dissolved oxygen in river water. Ammonia nitrogen was oxidized into nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen. The velocity of river flow is an important factor affecting the diffusion of pollutants in the river. The velocity of pollutant diffusion and attenuation is positively correlated with the velocity of river velocity. The purpose of controlling the diffusion of pollutants can be achieved by controlling the velocity of flow of the river. The time series model was used to simulate the river water quality. The calculated results were in agreement with the actual monitoring results. The ammonia nitrogen concentration decreased to below 10mg/L on the 14th day after the event and below 1mg/L on the 22nd day. It can be seen that the control effect of water diversion measures on pollutants is better, and economic application.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X522
本文编号：2339333
[Abstract]:With the rapid pace of industrial and agricultural production in China, various sudden river pollution accidents occur more and more frequently, resulting in environmental problems can not be ignored. The sudden pollution of rivers is caused by human behavior, which causes the water quality of the river to increase suddenly in a short period of time. It has the characteristics of large water quality change rate, fast water quality return to normal, and easy to form water pollution accidents. Difficult to take defensive measures in time and other characteristics. Through data collection, current situation monitoring, data analysis and the application of water quality prediction model, this paper studies the sudden ammonia nitrogen pollution events in a river, and explores the variation law of pollutants in a river after the adoption of artificial compulsory measures. The emergency countermeasures suitable for the sudden pollution events of rivers are put forward, which have certain reference significance and practical value for the treatment and control of the sudden pollution incidents of rivers in the future. The results show that after the ammonia nitrogen pollution event, artificial rainfall and other artificial compulsory emergency measures can be used to control the pollutants, and the water quality of the river will recover to its original level 10 days later. Ammonia nitrogen, as the main pollutant, decreases its concentration by river dilution and dissolved oxygen oxidation in the sudden pollution event, and the oxidation effect is obvious, with the large consumption of dissolved oxygen in river water. Ammonia nitrogen was oxidized into nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen. The velocity of river flow is an important factor affecting the diffusion of pollutants in the river. The velocity of pollutant diffusion and attenuation is positively correlated with the velocity of river velocity. The purpose of controlling the diffusion of pollutants can be achieved by controlling the velocity of flow of the river. The time series model was used to simulate the river water quality. The calculated results were in agreement with the actual monitoring results. The ammonia nitrogen concentration decreased to below 10mg/L on the 14th day after the event and below 1mg/L on the 22nd day. It can be seen that the control effect of water diversion measures on pollutants is better, and economic application.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X522
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 李志强,王世俊;灰色马尔柯夫模型在地表水体DO浓度预测中的应用[J];重庆环境科学;2002年03期
，本文编号：2339333
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