季节和工艺影响城市污水厂除污染效能及成本分析

发布时间：2018-11-25 16:58

【摘要】：很多因素都能影响污水处理的效果,处理水平是由多种因素相互制约共同作用决定的,因此,对污水处理厂进水参数的变化及规律深入研究至关重要。建设城市污水处理工程主旨在保护环境和为人民谋福,而良好的管理和运营是实现污水处理达标排放的关键。然而,污水处理厂的水质、水量、水温等指标受季节影响变化很大,这些参数的变化直接关系着污水处理厂的稳定运转,本课题研究意义是通过优化污水处理厂的运行,以期提高污水的去除效率,降低污水的处理成本。本文以北方城市大连某水厂的实际运行数据为依据,首先分析了季节变化对各污染物指标去除效果的变化规律,同时探讨季节变化对电耗量、污泥处置费用和药剂费用等运行成本的影响；此外通过对比三种常用的不同生化处理工艺,讨论工艺的选择对污水处理厂处理效果和运行成本的优势。本课题的研究,可以根据季节进行调整,在保证处理效果的前提下降低污水处理厂的成本,为即将建设水厂的工艺选择提出建议。研究结果表明,季节变化会引起包括进水水质、水温等在内的一系列运行控制参数的变化,最显著的是对处理水量的影响,最大和最小处理量分别出现在夏季的7月和春季的4月。分析出水COD、SS和TP等污染物指标的变化规律,季节变化对其影响不大,但对出水氨氮的影响很大。运行费用中,耗电量、药剂费和污泥处置费用受季节影响较大,吨水电耗和药剂用量在夏季时较低,但由于夏季总处理水量较大,所以夏季时,总的用电费用和药剂费和污泥处置费较高,冬季时电耗也较高。通过比较不同的生物处理技术对生活污水处理效果的差别,COD、BOD、SS和TP差异性较小,均能实现达标排放,与其他两种工艺比较,在对COD和BOD的去除方面A/O工艺效果略优。而对氨氮和TN的去除方面,具有脱氮功能的A/O工艺的TN去除率明显优于其他工艺。在不同工艺对能耗影响的对比中, BAF工艺吨水电耗和去除公斤COD电耗分别为0.20和0.82KW·h,低于A/O工艺和CAST工艺,说明生物膜法较活性污泥法在运行能耗方面,有一定的优势。在污泥处理费用方面,自身具有脱氮除磷功能不需要通过化学除磷的工艺,总的污泥量较少,同时在保证污泥活性和处理效果的前提下,污泥龄较长的处理工艺,如A/O工艺,污泥产率较低,污泥处理费用省。在污水处理厂的运行管理中,通过管理和控制措施可以强化处理效果,并有效的降低污水处理厂的运行费用,具体途径包括对污泥处置的优化和利用、工艺的优化和改进、用电设备的控制与管理、材料的更新和替代等。
[Abstract]:Many factors can affect the effect of sewage treatment, and the treatment level is determined by the mutual restriction of many factors. Therefore, it is very important to study the variation and regularity of influent parameters in sewage treatment plant. The purpose of urban sewage treatment project is to protect the environment and benefit the people, and good management and operation is the key to realize the discharge standard of sewage treatment. However, the water quality, water quantity, water temperature and other indexes of sewage treatment plant vary greatly by seasons. The change of these parameters is directly related to the stable operation of sewage treatment plant. The significance of this research is to optimize the operation of sewage treatment plant. In order to improve the efficiency of sewage removal, reduce the cost of sewage treatment. Based on the actual operation data of a water plant in the northern city of Dalian, this paper first analyzes the changing law of the seasonal variation on the removal effect of each pollutant index, and probes into the seasonal variation to the power consumption. The influence of sludge disposal cost and agent cost on the operation cost; In addition, by comparing three kinds of commonly used biochemical treatment processes, the advantages of process selection to the treatment effect and operation cost of sewage treatment plant are discussed. The research of this subject can adjust according to the season, reduce the cost of the sewage treatment plant under the premise of ensuring the treatment effect, and put forward the suggestion for the process selection of the water plant to be built soon. The results show that seasonal variation will cause changes in a series of operation control parameters, including water quality and water temperature, and the most significant change is the effect on the treated water quantity. The maximum and minimum processing capacity occurred in July in summer and April in spring respectively. The changes of pollutants such as COD,SS and TP in water were analyzed. The seasonal change had little effect on it, but it had a great effect on ammonia nitrogen in effluent. In the operation cost, the consumption of electricity, the charge of reagents and the cost of sludge disposal are greatly affected by the seasons, and the consumption of electricity per ton and the dosage of the chemicals are lower in summer, but because of the large amount of water treated in summer, the total amount of water treated in summer is large, so in summer, The total cost of electricity, the charge of medicament and the cost of sludge disposal are higher, and the power consumption is higher in winter. By comparing the effects of different biological treatment technologies on domestic sewage treatment, the difference between COD,BOD,SS and TP is small, both of them can reach the standard of discharge, compared with the other two processes, In the removal of COD and BOD, the effect of A / O process is slightly better. On the other hand, the removal rate of TN in A- / O process with denitrification is better than that in other processes. In the comparison of the effects of different processes on energy consumption, the power consumption of BAF process is 0.20 and 0.82KW / h respectively, which is lower than that of A- / O process and CAST process, indicating that biofilm process is more efficient than activated sludge process in operating energy consumption. Have a certain advantage. In the aspect of sludge treatment cost, its own nitrogen and phosphorus removal function does not need the chemical phosphorus removal process, the total sludge quantity is less, at the same time, under the premise of ensuring the sludge activity and treatment effect, the sludge age is longer. For example, the rate of sludge production is low and the cost of sludge treatment is low. In the operation and management of sewage treatment plant, the treatment effect can be strengthened through management and control measures, and the operation cost of sewage treatment plant can be reduced effectively. The specific ways include the optimization and utilization of sludge disposal, the optimization and improvement of process. Control and management of electrical equipment, update and replace of materials, etc.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X703

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