不同甜玉米品种对钒的积累富集特性

发布时间：2018-11-26 09:52

【摘要】：甜玉米(Zea mays L.)是华南地区广泛种植的农作物,由于富含VE、VC、矿质营养和具有甜、鲜、脆等特色深受广大消费者青睐。然而,一旦甜玉米植株受到重金属影响,即可通过食物链危害人体健康,因此,保证甜玉米的优质高产对农业可持续发展具有重要意义。目前关于甜玉米对钒的富集特性研究未见报道。通过盆栽试验,研究了钒(V)胁迫下3个甜玉米品种(甜608、天贵和甜糯)的生长、吸收和积累V的特性。结果表明:土壤中适量V可促进玉米植株生长及其对V的吸收。随着V胁迫水平增大,幼苗期和拔节期甜608和天贵两个品种玉米植株生物量呈上升趋势,而甜糯玉米生物量趋于降低,与对照比较,3个品种玉米植株最高生物量分别增加303.2%、127.6%和减少62.1%。扬花期时低水平V(≤200 mg·kg-1)胁迫对植株生长有促进作用,而高水平V(200 mg·kg-1)抑制植株生长,但总是高于对照。成熟期不同品种玉米植株生物量均呈下降趋势,分别比对照降低47.7%、54.7%和52.2%。不同品种甜玉米植株对V的积累差异不显著,各器官中V的含量分布为根茎叶籽。无论在幼苗期、拔节期、杨花期和成熟期,随着V胁迫水平增大,玉米各器官对V的积累和分配比例均增大,且根部的增幅远大于茎、叶和籽等器官,当V处理水平为100 mg·kg-1和500 mg·kg-1时,各生长期甜608玉米植株根中V含量分别占总量的92.3%、81.0%、88.8%、80.0%及95.6%、92.2%、95.2%、92.7%;天贵根中V含量分别占总量的88.2%、67.8%、92.7%、77.3%及95.9%、84.5%、93.9%和86.0%;甜糯玉米分别为94.4%、89.2%、91.4%、76.1%及96.3%、91.6%、94.5%、76.9%。随着V胁迫水平增大,玉米植株的富集系数(BF)增大,但转移系数(TF)降低,二者均小于1,表明各甜玉米品种中的V主要富集在植株根部,其向地上部运输的能力较弱,从而导致植物籽实所吸收的V含量较少(0.5μg·g~(-1))。甜玉米植物是重金属V的耐性植物。
[Abstract]:Sweet corn (Zea mays L.) It is a widely grown crop in South China. It is favored by consumers because it is rich in VE,VC, mineral nutrition and has the characteristics of sweet, fresh, crisp and so on. However, once the sweet corn plants are affected by heavy metals, it can harm human health through the food chain. Therefore, it is of great significance to ensure the high quality and high yield of sweet corn for the sustainable development of agriculture. At present, there is no report on the enrichment of vanadium in sweet corn. The growth, absorption and accumulation of V in three sweet maize varieties (sweet 608, Tiangui and sweet waxy) under vanadium (V) stress were studied by pot experiment. The results showed that suitable amount of V in soil could promote the growth and absorption of V in maize plants. With the increase of V stress level, the biomass of sweet glutinous maize and sweet waxy maize tended to increase in seedling stage and jointing stage, while the biomass of sweet waxy maize tended to decrease, compared with the control. The highest biomass of three maize varieties increased by 303.2% and decreased by 62.1%, respectively. At flowering stage, low level V (鈮，

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