等离子体协同催化剂去除柴油机尾气中碳烟的研究

发布时间：2018-11-27 09:55

【摘要】：随着我国机动车保有量的快速增加,机动车对大气污染的贡献也越来越大,特别是柴油机尾气颗粒污染物的排放,其炭黑颗粒物排放量最高能达到汽油机的100倍。因此对柴油机尾气炭黑颗粒物去除的研究已经刻不容缓。本文利用等离子体协同催化剂对柴油机尾气炭黑颗粒物的研究,海泡石为催化剂载体,因为我国贮藏量丰富且价格低廉,适合工业化应用。其独特的网状结构使其具有较大的比表面积和良好的吸附性能。本实验为提高其活性,通过盐酸酸洗改变其晶体结构,原理是用H+取代晶体结构中的金属离子,使催化剂晶体结构相互贯通,比表面积增大,吸附和反应空间更大,为炭黑颗粒物的净化提供了更多的可能。本文还研究了等离子体放电的脉冲电压和放电频率等工艺参数对炭黑净化率的影响；研究了适合于柴油机尾气净化的最佳气体流速；并对脉冲电压、放电频率和尾气流速作了正交实验进行确定最优条件。实验结果显示：在一定范围内,随着脉冲电压和放电频率的增加,烟炭净化率呈现出不断上升的趋势,但当脉冲电压达到30kv后,炭黑净化率的增加变得不明显,随着放电频率的升高炭黑净化率不断升高,原因是随着电压频率的升高,等离子体能量越高,反应剧烈。本研究为等离子体去除柴油机尾气中炭黑颗粒提供了理论依据。为柴油机尾气炭黑颗粒物的净化具有一定指导意义。
[Abstract]:With the rapid increase of vehicle ownership in China, the contribution of motor vehicles to air pollution is increasing, especially the emission of particulate pollutants from diesel engine exhaust gas, which can be as high as 100 times that of gasoline engine. Therefore, it is urgent to study the removal of carbon black particles from diesel engine exhaust gas. In this paper, plasma co-catalyst was used to study the particulate matter of diesel engine exhaust carbon black. Sepiolite was used as catalyst carrier, because of its rich storage quantity and low price, it is suitable for industrial application. Its unique network structure makes it have a large specific surface area and good adsorption performance. In order to improve its activity, the crystal structure was changed by acid pickling with hydrochloric acid. The principle was that H was used to replace the metal ions in the crystal structure, so that the crystal structure of the catalyst was connected with each other, the specific surface area was increased, and the adsorption and reaction space was larger. It provides more possibilities for the purification of carbon black particles. The influence of plasma discharge parameters such as pulse voltage and discharge frequency on the purification rate of carbon black was also studied, and the optimum gas flow rate suitable for diesel engine exhaust gas purification was studied. The optimal conditions were determined by orthogonal experiments on pulse voltage, discharge frequency and tail gas velocity. The experimental results show that, with the increase of pulse voltage and discharge frequency, the purification rate of carbon smoke is increasing in a certain range, but when the pulse voltage reaches 30kv, the increase of carbon black purification rate is not obvious. The purification rate of carbon black increases with the increase of discharge frequency, because with the increase of voltage frequency, the higher the plasma energy is, the more intense the reaction is. This study provides a theoretical basis for plasma removal of carbon black particles from diesel engine exhaust gas. It has certain guiding significance for the purification of diesel exhaust carbon black particles.
【学位授予单位】：安徽理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TQ426;X734

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