生物吸附剂的制备及其对水中有机污染物的吸附性能研究
发布时间:2018-12-10 17:58
【摘要】:本文选用农林废弃物-玉米芯和糠醛渣为研究对象,对其进行化学改性之后制备出新的吸附剂来分别吸附含染料废水和含酚类废水。通过对吸附剂投加量、p H、吸附平衡时间、吸附质初始浓度、温度等因素以及吸附热力学和动力学的研究,考察了吸附剂对水中有机污染物质的吸附性能。结果如下:1.用磷酸对玉米芯进行改性,改性玉米芯吸附剂对水中亚甲基蓝和罗丹明B的平衡吸附量较未改性玉米芯吸附剂吸附量高。改性玉米芯吸附剂对亚甲基蓝(100 mg/L)吸附的最佳条件为:投加量为0.05 g,p H为6.0,温度为25℃,吸附平衡时间60 min,平衡吸附量为99.06 mg/g;对罗丹明B(100 mg/L)吸附的最佳条件为:投加量为0.15 g,p H为2.0,温度为25℃,吸附平衡时间140 min,平衡吸附量为33.12 mg/g。最佳条件下的去除率均达99%以上。用伪一级动力学、伪二级动力学和Elovich方程拟合了吸附过程的动力学,结果显示,吸附过程是一个快速进行的过程,伪二级动力学方程能较好拟合吸附过程,为计量置换机制。用Langmuir、Freundlich等温吸附方程拟合了等温吸附平衡线,考察了温度对吸附平衡的影响,分析了吸附的热力学,表明Langmuir方程更适合描述吸附平衡,温度升高有利于吸附的进行,吸附过程的?H0、?S0均为正值,熵变(?S0)是吸附过程的驱动力。2.研究了化学法对工业糠醛渣改性制备吸附剂的条件,考察改性吸附剂对水溶液中苯酚及对硝基酚的吸附特性。结果表明,糠醛渣经Zn Cl2活化、600℃下炭化后制取的吸附剂对水溶液中苯酚及对硝基酚吸附性能最佳。对苯酚溶液(150 mg/L)的吸附最佳条件为:投加量为0.2 g,p H值为6.0,温度为25℃,吸附平衡时间120 min,平衡吸附量为18.55 mg/g;对对硝基酚溶液(200 mg/L)的最佳条件为:投加量为0.1 g,p H值为4.0,温度为25℃,吸附平衡时间60 min,平衡吸附量为49.36 mg/g。最佳条件下的去除率均达98%以上,吸附性能均显著优于未改性吸附剂。用伪一级动力学和伪二级动力学对吸附动力学进行了拟合,结果表明吸附过程符合伪二级动力学方程,且是快速吸附的过程。由Langmuir和Freundlich方程对苯酚和对硝基酚的等温吸附线进行拟合,其中Langmuir方程拟合结果更佳,平衡吸附量随着温度的升高而减少,吸附为放热物理吸附过程。3.通过比较未改性和改性糠醛渣吸附剂的红外光谱、电镜扫描、热重、XRD衍射分析和BET表征,发现用Zn Cl2活化制得吸附剂表面孔结构排列较为整齐,含有较多的O-H,C-O-C,-C(O)-O-C等官能团,而用H3PO4活化制得吸附剂虽然也含有Zn Cl2活化吸附剂表面基团,但明显还有芳环或者醇酮型(羰基和酚羟基)结构存在。所有改性吸附剂表面均存在大量的类石墨微晶,比表面积亦有了显著增大。
[Abstract]:In this paper, corn cob and furfural residue were selected as the research objects. After chemical modification, new adsorbents were prepared to adsorb dyestuff wastewater and phenolic wastewater respectively. The adsorption performance of adsorbent for organic pollutants in water was investigated by studying the adsorption equilibrium time of adsorbent dosage of, p H, initial concentration of adsorbent, temperature and adsorption thermodynamics and kinetics. The results are as follows: 1. The adsorption capacity of modified corncob adsorbent for methylene blue and Rhodamine B in water was higher than that of unmodified corncob adsorbent. The optimum conditions for the adsorption of methylene blue (100 mg/L) by modified corncob adsorbent are as follows: the dosage of 0.05gpH is 6.0, the temperature is 25 鈩,
本文编号:2370982
[Abstract]:In this paper, corn cob and furfural residue were selected as the research objects. After chemical modification, new adsorbents were prepared to adsorb dyestuff wastewater and phenolic wastewater respectively. The adsorption performance of adsorbent for organic pollutants in water was investigated by studying the adsorption equilibrium time of adsorbent dosage of, p H, initial concentration of adsorbent, temperature and adsorption thermodynamics and kinetics. The results are as follows: 1. The adsorption capacity of modified corncob adsorbent for methylene blue and Rhodamine B in water was higher than that of unmodified corncob adsorbent. The optimum conditions for the adsorption of methylene blue (100 mg/L) by modified corncob adsorbent are as follows: the dosage of 0.05gpH is 6.0, the temperature is 25 鈩,
本文编号:2370982
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