旬阳县水环境现状分析与污染防治策略研究

发布时间：2018-12-14 14:54

【摘要】：人类的生存和发展离不开水资源,而在中国这个水资源十分短缺的国家,保护水资源环境显得尤为必要和迫切。地处秦岭、巴山深处的陕西省旬阳县,位于中国南水北调中线工程水源区的上游,是南水北调中线工程重要的水源涵养区和保护区,肩负着“一江清水送北京”及发展县域经济实现强县富民的双重重任。但是,由于旬阳县水资源利用效率低下、资源配置不合理、污水处理设施不足、监管及体制改革滞后等问题使得旬阳县部分河段仍然存在COD、氨氮、TP超标的现象。本研究对旬阳县汉江流域及四大支流的水质现状进行调查,在此基础上,运用水质管理原理,提出相应的管理措施,为旬阳县总体环境的改善提供依据。调查结果表明,2013年旬阳县共排放废水780万吨。其中工业废水66.7万吨,经处理54.7万吨,处理率82%,达标废水排放量66.7万吨,达标率100%;城镇生活污水712.3万吨,无城市生活污水集中处理设施,生活污水主要经过简单处理(化粪池等)后排放,处理率仅为20%—50%。而同期全县的农药、化肥、农膜使用强度分别为2.69kg/ha、420kg/ha(折纯)和45kg/ha,饲养猪50.31万头、家禽166.51万头、牛2.14万头、羊19.91万头,农药化肥的高强度使用、家禽粪便的无组织排放,较重的水土流失(县域平均土壤侵蚀模数3800t/akm?2),是影响旬阳县水环境质量的重要因素。在现状调查和分析的基础上,利用一维扩散模型,对汉江旬阳段的水环境环境进行了现状评价,计算了相应的纳污能力。最后,结合旬阳县的实际,提出治理旬阳县水环境污染的方式方法,并根据汉江旬阳段的纳污能力提出了未来治理目标。
[Abstract]:The survival and development of human beings can not be separated from water resources, but in China, which is short of water resources, it is necessary and urgent to protect the environment of water resources. Located in the Qinling Mountains and deep in the Bashan Mountains, Xunyang County, Shaanxi Province, is located upstream of the water source area of the South-to-North Water transfer Project in China. It is an important water conservation area and protected area for the South-to-North Water transfer Project. Shoulder "a river of clear water sent to Beijing" and the development of county economy to achieve the dual task of enriching the people. However, due to the low utilization efficiency of water resources, unreasonable allocation of resources, inadequate sewage treatment facilities and lagging supervision and system reform, there are still some COD, ammonia nitrogen and TP in Xunyang County. The present situation of water quality of Hanjiang River basin and four tributaries in Xunyang County was investigated. On the basis of this, the corresponding management measures were put forward using water quality management principle, which provided the basis for the improvement of the overall environment of Xunyang County. The results showed that 7.8 million tons of wastewater were discharged in Xunyang County in 2013. Of which, 667000 tons of industrial wastewater, after treatment of 547000 tons, the treatment rate of 82, the discharge of wastewater up to 667000 tons, the standard rate of 100; There are no centralized treatment facilities for urban domestic sewage, which is mainly discharged after simple treatment (septic tank, etc.), and the treatment rate is only 20-50. In the same period, the intensity of pesticide, fertilizer and film use in the county was 2.69 kg / ha and 420 kg / ha, respectively. 503100 pigs, 1.6651 million poultry, 21400 cattle and 199100 sheep were raised. The high intensity use of pesticide fertilizer, the unorganized discharge of poultry feces and the heavy soil erosion (3800t/akm?2) are the important factors affecting the water environment quality in Xunyang County. Based on the investigation and analysis of the present situation, a one-dimensional diffusion model was used to evaluate the water environment of Xunyang section of the Hanjiang River. Finally, combined with the reality of Xunyang County, the paper puts forward the ways and methods to control the water environmental pollution in Xunyang County, and puts forward the future treatment objectives according to the capacity of Xunyang section of the Hanjiang River.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X52;X143

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