山东省生态红线划分及生态空间管控研究

发布时间：2018-12-17 11:51

【摘要】：改革开放以来，随着城市化的加速，人口剧增以及工业和科技的迅速发展，自然生态环境在人类加速掠夺式开发中遭到日益严重的破坏；森林破坏、土地荒漠化、水污染、空气污染等生态环境问题日益尖锐化，2013年依始肆虐全国的雾霾使得生态问题得到高度重视。社会各界尤其是政府相关部门不断探索如何能更有效的开展生态环境工作，在可持续发展观和建设生态文明的发展理念指导下，生态红线作为环境保护的创新形式被正式提出，生态红线是指在重要生态功能区、生态敏感区、脆弱区等某些区域划定的最小生态保护空间的范围，是禁止人类生产活动的底线范围，随着国家重点建设生态文明以及相关规划的相继实施逐渐成为研究的热点领域。生态红线作为环境保护的新形式，是在现有相关环境保护实践工作的基础上探索新的可操作的生态保护的措施。红线体现的是一种底线思维，即以一定标准划定范围，此范围作为发展的禁止区域。目前，划定为生态红线区包括三大重要特性：生态功能重要性、生态敏感性、脆弱性，通过评定以上要素划定生态红线范围，对划定地区进行管控，以便有效解决目前管控过程中存在的多头管理、部门相互牵制等问题，更高效的推进生态空间保护，最终达到区域生态、社会、经济三维空间协调可持续的发展。本论文综合已有的对生态空间保护的规划和发展研究的基础上，划定出山东省的生态红线范围，在对生态红线进行空间分布探究的基础上，提出健全体制机制等方面的相应的空间管控机制，为生态红线的实施提供保障。论文主要内容如下：（1）阐明生态红线的概念，详细阐述了生态红线的内涵外延及其理论基础，为山东省生态红线的划定和管控提供理论依据。生态红线的建设和维护必然离不开所在区的自然条件、自然环境以及人文社会经济支持，因此，论文阐述了山东省自然与人文背景，并且就目前生态保护进行了分析比较研究，结合山东省目前生态空间管控的现状和威胁状况，阐述了构建生态红线的必要性和可行性。（2）通过相关文件解读，根据已有规划与相关研究成果，将省级及以上的自然保护区、森丽公园、湿地公园等纳入生态红线区，划分出山东省275处生态红线区，总面积为1579568.15公顷，占山东省国土总面积的10.01%。根据生态红线区的位置和不同类型绘制出山东省生态红线区空间分布图，得出生态红线范围主要集中在山东中东部地区，且由于海路兼备，自然条件多样，本地区的生态红线主导功能类型多样，鲁西平原区生态红线面积较少，生态主导功能类型单一；在生态红线类型中，自然保护区和森林公园所占比重最大，其中自然保护区的主导生态功能中森林保护占比29%，海洋海岸保护28%，占比最少的是地质遗迹的保护占比不足1%。（3）由于生态空间公共物品的属性，则必须要解决管控过程中出现的矛盾：主要包括管理机制不健全、多部门分制不协调、跨区域管控以及不同类型生态红线管理措施等；要在健全机制的基础上，针对决策、实施、管控、反馈每一环节采取措施，构建基于GIS的动态监控平台，确保生态红线的高效实施，以达到省域社会、经济、生态三维目标的协调可持续发展。作为研究热点的生态红线，是生态环境保护的重要创新形式，在生态红线划分研究领域的方法多样，本文采用的是综合已有管理规划措施，结合考虑生态功能重要程度、生态脆弱性等因素，划分出具体的生态红线控制范围，可操作性强，符合管理实际；但是，在实际管理中，由于对部分地区依然缺乏深入的探究与考察，，目前的管控路径的实施，都是初步探究，今后应深入结合相关技术分析、建立符合各地特征的生态空间保护区的发展和建设措施，保障生态红线的高效实施。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening-up, with the acceleration of the urbanization, the population explosion and the rapid development of the industry and the technology, the natural ecological environment has been severely damaged in the development of the human accelerated and predatory exploitation; the forest destruction, the land desertification and the water pollution, The environmental problems such as air pollution are becoming more and more acute, and the haze of the whole country in 2013 caused the ecological problems to be highly valued. In particular, the relevant departments of the government are constantly exploring how to carry out the ecological environment work more effectively, and under the guidance of the development concept of the sustainable development view and the construction of the ecological civilization, the red line is formally put forward as an innovative form of environmental protection. the ecological red line refers to the range of the minimum ecological protection space defined in certain areas of the important ecological functional area, the ecological sensitive area, the fragile area and the like, and is the bottom line range for inhibiting the human production activities, With the country's key construction of the ecological civilization and the successive implementation of the related planning, it has become the hot spot of the research. As a new form of environmental protection, the red line is a new way to explore new and operable ecological protection on the basis of the existing related environmental protection practice. shi. The red line reflects a bottom line thinking, which is defined in a certain standard, which is the forbidden area of development The area is divided into three major characteristics: ecological function importance, ecological sensitivity and vulnerability. The ecological red line is defined by the above elements, and the area is regulated so as to effectively solve the multi-head pipe existing in the current management and control process In order to achieve the harmonious sustainable development of the regional ecological, social and economic three-dimensional space, the problems such as the mutual influence of the departments and the departments and the more efficient promotion of the protection of the ecological space will be achieved. On the basis of the research on the planning and development of the ecological space conservation, the paper, on the basis of the research on the planning and development of the ecological space conservation, defines the scope of the ecological red line in Shandong Province, and puts forward the corresponding space pipe in the aspects of sound system mechanism and so on on the basis of the exploration of the space distribution of the red line. The control mechanism is the implementation of the red line. for security. The paper is mainly The following is the following: (1) The concept of the red line is clarified, the connotation and the theoretical foundation of the red line are set forth in detail, and the demarcation and control of the red line in Shandong Province is provided. The construction and maintenance of the red line must not be separated from the natural conditions, the natural environment and the economic support of the human society. Therefore, the paper expounds the nature and the human background of Shandong, and points out the present ecological protection. By analyzing and comparing the present situation and the threat status of the current ecological space control in Shandong Province, the necessity of constructing the ecological red line is described. (2) Through the interpretation of relevant documents, according to the existing planning and relevant research results, the ecological red line area of 275 places in Shandong Province is divided according to the existing planning and relevant research results, and the total area of the ecological red line is 15795. 68. 15 hectares, accounting for the total land area of Shandong Province The spatial distribution map of the ecological red line in Shandong Province is drawn according to the position and different types of the ecological red line, and the scope of the ecological red line is mainly concentrated in the eastern part of Shandong, and due to the combination of the sea road and the natural conditions, the ecological red line in the region The type of guide function is diverse, the area of the ecological red line in the Luxi plain area is small, and the ecological dominant function type is single; in the ecological red line type, the proportion of the nature reserve and the forest park is the largest, and the forest protection in the dominant ecological function of the nature reserve accounts for more than 29%, and the ocean The coastal protection is 28%, accounting for the least of the protection of the geological heritage. The protection ratio is less than 1%. (3) Due to the property of the public goods of the ecological space, the contradiction in the control process must be solved: mainly including the failure of the management mechanism, the non-coordination of the multiple departments, the cross-regional control and the management measures of different types of ecological red lines, etc.; On the basis of the sound mechanism, measures are taken for decision-making, implementation, control and feedback, and a dynamic monitoring platform based on GIS is built, so that the efficient implementation of the ecological red line is ensured, so that the social, economic and ecological three-dimensional order of the provincial domain is achieved. The harmonious sustainable development of the subject matter is an important innovation form of the ecological environment protection as the ecological red line of the research hot spot. In the field of ecological red line division research, the comprehensive existing management planning measures are adopted, and the combination of the ecological function and the ecological function is important. According to the factors such as the degree of ecological vulnerability, the specific ecological red line control range is divided, the operability is strong, and the management practice is met; however, in the actual management, due to the lack of in-depth exploration and investigation in some areas, the current management and control path is a preliminary inquiry, and the future The development and construction measures of ecological space protected areas with different characteristics should be established in-depth in combination with relevant technical analysis.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X321

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