FMBR处理养殖废水中的同步硝化反硝化过程研究

发布时间：2018-12-27 21:00

【摘要】：随着养殖产业的规模化、集中化发展,养殖产业产生的粪便和污水以其大水量、高污染物浓度等特点成为环境污染的重要关注点之一。规模化养殖已成为了农村面源污染的主要来源。而FMBR作为一种新型技术,具有工艺简单、同步脱氮、有机污泥近零排放、节能高效、出水可回用等优点,同时结合远程监控新模式正在污水处理技术中显现成效。FMBR技术应用于畜禽养殖废水的实例也越来越多。本文研究FMBR技术处理简单预处理后的高浓度畜禽养殖废水工程。通过对工程现场进行启动调试探讨FMBR工艺实现同步硝化反硝化的条件,并进一步研究SND过程的影响因素。利用中试实验对FMBR反应器内SND过程建立动力学模型。并对SND过程N2O释放的机理进行了初步分析。取得的主要研究结论如下:(1)FMBR工艺对畜禽养殖废水具有很好的处理效果,形成的高浓度污泥能适应高浓度废水并对COD有稳定良好的处理效果。但在处理高浓度氨氮、总氮和总磷方面有所欠缺,处理效果受温度影响,启动初期受低温影响相应微生物生长缓慢,处理效果差。(2)控制溶解氧浓度在在0.3mg/L到1.0mg/L范围内时FMBR工艺成功实现SND工艺脱氮,SND过程中COD去除率基本保持不变略有下降,可达到93%左右,NH4+—N的去除率在75%左右,同时NO2-—N没有明显积累接近于零,NO3-—N浓度明显降低,从32.45mg/L下降到1.28mg/L左右。TN的去除率也随之升高,去除率可达到78%左右。HRT控制在14h左右能在保证处理效果的前提下保证工艺的经济性。(3)在硝化反应与反硝化反应动力学方程基础上,依照物料平衡方程对FMBR反应器内SND过程进行了动力学推导。经过实验数据分析,求出了SND动力学模型的参数推导求得动力学模型常数C1值为-1.58,C2值为-0.84,KM值为0.42,建立动力学方程。(4)FMBR工艺SND过程中N2O释放来自不同微生物的生化反应,多种酶的复杂作用产生N2O释放,纯化学反应产生的N2O量可忽略。N2O释放的主要来源是氨氧化细菌反硝化过程,该过程以亚硝酸盐为底物,不完全反硝化形成中间产物N2O释放,因此亚硝酸盐生成速度成为N2O释放的重要控制因素。
[Abstract]:With the development of scale and concentration of aquaculture industry, feces and sewage produced by aquaculture industry have become one of the important concerns of environmental pollution due to its characteristics of large amount of water and high concentration of pollutants. Scale aquaculture has become the main source of rural non-point source pollution. As a new technology, FMBR has the advantages of simple process, simultaneous denitrification, near-zero discharge of organic sludge, energy saving and high efficiency, reuse of effluent, etc. At the same time, the application of FMBR technology in livestock and poultry wastewater is more and more. In this paper, the treatment of high concentration livestock and poultry wastewater with simple pretreatment by FMBR technology was studied. The conditions of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification by FMBR process were discussed by starting and debugging the project site, and the influencing factors of SND process were further studied. The kinetic model of SND process in FMBR reactor was established by pilot-scale experiment. The mechanism of N 2 O release from SND process was analyzed. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the FMBR process has a good treatment effect on livestock and poultry wastewater, and the high concentration sludge can adapt to the high concentration wastewater and has a stable and good treatment effect on COD. However, in the treatment of high concentration ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus, the effect of treatment was affected by temperature, and the microorganism grew slowly at the early stage of start-up affected by low temperature. (2) when the concentration of dissolved oxygen was controlled in the range of 0.3mg/L to 1.0mg/L, the denitrification of SND process was successfully realized by FMBR process, and the removal rate of COD remained unchanged slightly during SND process, reaching about 93%. The removal rate of NH4 N was about 75%, and the NO2--N accumulation was not close to zero, the concentration of NO3--N decreased obviously, from 32.45mg/L to 1.28mg/L, the removal rate of TN also increased. The removal rate can reach about 78%. The control of HRT for about 14 h can ensure the economy of the process under the premise of ensuring the treatment effect. (3) based on the kinetic equations of nitrification and denitrification, The kinetic derivation of SND process in FMBR reactor was carried out according to the mass balance equation. Through the analysis of experimental data, the parameter derivation of SND kinetic model is obtained. The kinetic model constant C1 value is -1.58% C _ 2 value is -0.84 KM value is 0.42, and the kinetic model constant C _ 1 value is -1.58% KM value is -0.42%. The kinetics equation was established. (4) the release of N2O from different microbes in the SND process of FMBR process resulted from the complex action of many enzymes, which resulted in the release of N2O. The main source of N2O release is denitrification process of ammoniacal oxidizing bacteria, in which nitrite is used as substrate and the intermediate product N2O is released by incomplete denitrification. Therefore, nitrite production rate has become an important control factor for N 2 O release.
【学位授予单位】：南昌大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：X713

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