微囊藻水华的生态修复工程研究

发布时间：2019-01-03 12:07

【摘要】：近年来,全球水体富营养化状况日益严重,海洋、湖泊、河流等水域中水华灾害时有发生,导致了一系列环境问题,并严重影响人类生产生活和水资源保护。铜绿微囊藻是最常见的淡水水华藻类,当铜绿微囊藻水华初起及爆发时,需要采取有效的应急措施对其加以控制。化学药剂法是常用的控制铜绿微囊藻水华的方法,但其往往具有较强的毒性,可能对生态系统及环境造成较大伤害。因此,对除藻抑藻药剂进行研究,确定其最优浓度、除藻抑藻效果和生物毒性对科学控制铜绿微囊藻水华具有较大的现实意义。超声波技术被看做是一种环保、安全的控制水华藻类的手段。本文利用超声波对铜绿微囊藻细胞结构的破坏作用和抑制铜绿微囊藻生长两方面的作用,通过单因素实验和响应面实验两种方法,对超声波对铜绿微囊藻的应急去除和抑制其生长的作用效果进行研究,为超声波抑制铜绿微囊藻水华提供实验支持和科学依据。本文实验结果表明：戊二醛最优抑藻浓度约为5 mg/L,藻去除率为75.31%；十六烷基三甲基溴化铵最优抑藻浓度约为2 mg/L,藻去除率为73.62%；异噻唑啉酮最优抑藻浓度为2mg/L,藻去除率为80.43%；2-甲基乙酰乙酸乙酯的最优抑藻浓度为7mg/L,藻去除率为54.90%；硫酸铜的最优除藻浓度为1.5mg/L,藻去除率为76.84%。测定了5种实验药剂对锦鲤的急性生物毒性,确定其锦鲤的96hLC50和最高无死亡浓度分别为：6.33 mg/L,5 mg/L;3.67 mg/L,2 mg/L; 0.83 mg/L,0.25 mg/L;20 mg/L,19 mg/L;3.29 mg/L,2 mg/L。实验研究了超声波即时去除铜绿微囊藻的单因素实验和响应面实验。即时除藻单因素实验确定辐照时间20-60min、频率20kHz、功率60W为最佳参数条件。通过响应面实验得到拟合二阶数学模型表达式。根据拟合结果,当频率20kHz、功率58.67W、辐照时间为58.03min时,即时藻去除率有最大值17.58%。然后进行超声波抑制铜绿微囊藻生长的实验。单因素实验确定辐照时间20-60min、功率60W、功率50-80kH为最佳参数范围。通过响应面实验确定了超声波抑制铜绿微囊藻生长的数学拟合模型。预测频率为74.47kHz、功率为53.65w、辐照时间为54.17min时,对铜绿微囊藻的抑制率有最大值85.14%。实验室实验完成后,在现场进行了化学除藻抑藻药剂戊二醛的中试。中试结果证明,戊二醛对铜绿微囊藻有较好的除藻抑藻能力。最大叶绿素a去除率达到61.4%,最大铜绿微囊藻细胞去除率达到约55%。在现场进行了超声波除藻抑藻的中试。结果证明超声波对铜绿微囊藻有较好的去除和抑制作用。最大藻去除率达到53.73%。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the eutrophication of global water bodies is becoming more and more serious. The disasters of Shui Hua in the sea, lakes, rivers and other waters occur from time to time, resulting in a series of environmental problems, and seriously affecting human production and life and water resources protection. Microcystis aeruginosa is the most common algae of fresh water Shui Hua. When the algae start and erupt, it is necessary to take effective emergency measures to control it. Chemical reagent method is a common method to control microcystis aeruginosa Shui Hua, but it is often toxic and may cause great harm to ecosystem and environment. Therefore, it is of great practical significance for the scientific control of microcystis aeruginosa Shui Hua to study the algal suppressant, determine the optimal concentration, the effect of algal inhibition and the biotoxicity of microcystis aeruginosa. Ultrasonic technology is seen as an environmentally safe means of controlling Shui Hua's algae. In this paper, the effects of ultrasonic wave on the cell structure of microcystis aeruginosa and its inhibition on the growth of microcystis aeruginosa were studied by single factor experiment and response surface test. The effect of ultrasonic wave on the emergency removal and growth inhibition of microcystis aeruginosa was studied in order to provide experimental support and scientific basis for the inhibition of Shui Hua by ultrasonic wave. The results showed that the optimal inhibitory concentration of glutaraldehyde was about 5 mg/L, the removal rate of algae was 75.31, the optimal inhibitory concentration of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide was about 2 mg/L, the removal rate of algae was 73.62. The optimum inhibitory concentration of isothiazolinone was 2 mg / L, the removal rate of algae was 80.43 and the optimal inhibitory concentration of ethyl 2-methylacetoacetate was 7 mg / L, and the removal rate of algae was 54.90%. The optimum concentration of copper sulfate is 1.5 mg / L and the removal rate of algae is 76.84%. The acute biotoxicity of five kinds of fungicides to koi was determined. The 96hLC50 and the maximum death free concentration of koi were determined to be 6.33 mg/L,5 mg/L;3.67 mg/L,2 mg/L; 0.83 mg/L,0.25 mg/L;, respectively. 20 mg/L,19 mg/L;3.29 mg/L,2 mg/L. The single factor and response surface experiments of ultrasonic wave on the removal of microcystis aeruginosa were studied. The single factor experiment of instant algal removal determined that the optimum parameter conditions were irradiation time 20-60 min, frequency 20kHz, power 60W. The expression of fitted second order mathematical model is obtained by response surface experiment. According to the fitting results, when the frequency is 20 kHz, the power is 58.67 W, and the irradiation time is 58.03min, the removal rate of instant algae has the maximum value of 17.58. Then ultrasonic wave was used to inhibit the growth of microcystis aeruginosa. The optimal parameter range of irradiation time 20-60 min, power 60 W and power 50-80kH was determined by single factor experiment. A mathematical model for the inhibition of microcystis aeruginosa growth by ultrasonic wave was established by response surface experiment. When the predicted frequency was 74.47 kHz, the power was 53.65 ws and the irradiation time was 54.17min, the inhibition rate of microcystis aeruginosa was 85.14%. After the laboratory experiment was completed, a pilot test of glutaraldehyde, a chemical algae-suppressant, was carried out in the field. The results showed that glutaraldehyde had a good ability to remove algae from microcystis aeruginosa. The maximum removal rate of chlorophyll a and microcystis aeruginosa was 61.4 and 55, respectively. A pilot experiment was carried out on the spot to remove algae and inhibit algae by ultrasonic wave. The results showed that ultrasound could remove and inhibit microcystis aeruginosa. The maximum removal rate of algae reached 53.73%.
【学位授予单位】：北京化工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X52

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