人工湿地对城市湖泊的净化研究

发布时间：2019-01-13 08:36

【摘要】：近年来城镇化的速度越来越快,在此过程中城市湖泊水质的好坏成为已经成为衡量一个城市居住环境的重要参考标准。但我国很多的城市中湖泊均受到了一定程度的污染,因此迫切需要找到一条净化处理城市湖泊水体的方法。本实验主要目的是应用人工湿地技术净化处理污染水体,希望探求出一条既可以保持原城市湖泊的环境,又能够净化处理污水的方法。实验采取传统的工艺组合,为排除基质填料对实验的影响,各个单元均采用同样的基质填料组合而成。实验场地为露天的水利馆进行,因此可以更充分的模拟湿地处理自然状态下湖泊水体的净化效果。采取两种不同的工艺组合,比较两种组合工艺去除效果的不同。结果表明整体的去除效果比较理想,CODMn、TP、TN、NH4+-N、NO3--N、叶绿素a、BGA去除率分别达到75%、83%、35%、36%、87%、48%、31%。其各自的出水浓度分别为1.5mg/L、0.02mg/L、3.44mg/L、2.36mg/L、0.017mg/L、2.8ug/L、2.6×104cell/L。其中COD、TP经处理后的水质指标效果最为明显,达到GB3838-2002中的Ⅰ类水的标准。两组的对比结果表明整体上第二组的TP和NO3--N的去除效果要好于第一组,其他的水质指标第一组更好一些。在不同季节对湿地处理城市水体的效果进行分析,探究其对湿地处理水体的影响,结果表明整体表现为夏季的去除效果好于春秋两季。其中TP的去除效果受到影响的程度最小,整体的范围在85%~89%之间变化。其中夏季的去除效果最高,而春季的去除效果最低。与此类似的净化处理效果也表现在其他的水质指标上,其中TN的去除效果变化较为明显,但整体的去除效果均不十分理想,其中夏季的去除效果最好但也仅达到38%,春季依然最差为30%。在不同的水力负荷状态下,水力负荷对湿地的处理效果影响也十分显著,本次实验的水力负荷范围在0.27~0.84 m3/m2·d之间。其中TP与COD的去除均在较低的水力负荷条件下进行的更为理想。实验结果显示两者最优的去除效果均在本次实验最低的0.27 m3/m2·d时发生的。其它的指标显示过高或者过低的水力负荷均不能打到最佳的处理效果。TN的最佳处理水力负荷是在0.46 m3/m2·d时进行的。NH4+-N的最佳水力负荷是0.33m3/m2·d,其实验的结果显示与其他指标达到最大值后持续下降不同,会在0.46m3/m2·d时出现一个波谷。在对各个湿地单元的分析结果表明,美人蕉潜流湿地单元的各项处理效果均十分良好,植物中美人蕉的净化效果也十分理想。不同的湿地类型的对比实验表明:水平潜流复合垂直流普通垂流挺水植物流浮水植物单元。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the speed of urbanization is getting faster and faster. In this process, the water quality of urban lakes has become an important reference standard to measure the living environment of a city. However, lakes in many cities in China are polluted to a certain extent, so it is urgent to find a way to purify and treat the water bodies of urban lakes. The main purpose of this experiment is to use artificial wetland technology to purify polluted water, and to find out a method that can not only keep the environment of the original city lake, but also purify the sewage. In order to eliminate the influence of matrix filler on the experiment, each unit is composed of the same matrix filler. The experiment site is open water conservancy hall, so it can more fully simulate the purification effect of lake water body under natural condition. Two different process combinations were adopted to compare the different removal effects of the two combined processes. The results showed that the overall removal efficiency was satisfactory, and the removal rates of CODMn,TP,TN,NH4-Nno _ 3-N, Chlorophyll-AGA reached 75 / 83B / 35 / 35 / 35, respectively. Their effluent concentrations were 1.5 mg / L 0.02 mg / L 3.44 mg / L = 2.36 mg / L 0.017 mg / L = 2.8 mg / L = 2.6 脳 10 ~ 4 cell / L respectively. The effect of water quality index of COD,TP after treatment was the most obvious, which reached the standard of class I water in GB3838-2002. The comparison between the two groups shows that the removal efficiency of TP and NO3--N in the second group is better than that in the first group, and the other water quality indicators are better in the first group. The effect of wetland treatment on urban water was analyzed in different seasons. The results showed that the removal effect in summer was better than that in spring and autumn. The removal effect of TP is the least, and the whole range is between 85% and 89%. The removal effect was the highest in summer and the lowest in spring. Similar purification effects are also shown in other water quality indexes, in which the removal efficiency of TN is more obvious, but the overall removal effect is not very ideal, among which the removal effect in summer is the best but only up to 38. The worst in spring is still 30. Under different hydraulic loading conditions, the effect of hydraulic load on wetland treatment was also significant, and the hydraulic load range of this experiment was 0.27 ~ 0.84 m3/m2 / d. The removal of TP and COD is more ideal under the condition of low hydraulic load. The experimental results showed that the optimal removal efficiency of both of them occurred at the lowest 0. 27 m3/m2 d in this experiment. Other indicators show that too high or too low hydraulic load can not achieve the best treatment effect. The best treatment hydraulic load of TN is carried out at 0.46 m3/m2 d. The best hydraulic load of NH4 N is 0.33m3/m2 d, The experimental results show that a trough will appear at 0.46m3/m2 d, which is different from that of other indexes after reaching the maximum value. The results of analysis on each wetland unit show that the treatment effect of Canna submersible wetland unit is very good, and the purification effect of Canna in plant is also very ideal. The experimental results of different wetland types show that the horizontal subsurface flow and vertical flow are common vertical flow and octopus plant flow phytoplankton unit.
【学位授予单位】：河北工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X524

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