钱塘江水体中挥发性卤代烃、苯系物的浓度水平及健康风险评估

发布时间：2019-01-14 16:51

【摘要】：钱塘江作为杭州主要的饮用水水源地,其水环境质量直接关系到全市人民的身体健康。杭州近年来频发的水体有机物污染事件,受到社会各界高度关注,因此加强水体中有机物污染的研究具有重要的现实意义。挥发性卤代烃、苯系物等挥发性有机物作为环境内分泌干扰物,因独特的环境行为和致病机理,对生态环境和人民身体健康可能产生重大威胁。本文通过对钱塘江水体中挥发性卤代烃、苯系物等有机物的监测分析,初步掌握了钱塘江水体中挥发性卤代烃、苯系物等有机物的种类、分布情况、浓度水平,进行了挥发性卤代烃、苯系物等的健康风险评估,并在此基础上提出了防治对策措施。本文采用吹扫捕集／气相色谱—质谱法测定水中挥发性有机物方法进行测定。研究结果表明：1、钱塘江水体中检出的挥发性卤代烃、苯系物等挥发性有机物共有43种,主要污染因子包括：二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、四氯化碳、三氯乙烯和二甲氧基甲烷。检出率最高的前3种主要挥发性卤代烃污染因子为二氯甲烷(最高检出浓度为8.4μg·L-1)、三氯甲烷(最高检出浓度为2.9μg·L-1)和1,2-二氯乙烷(最高检出浓度为1.1 μg·L-1)。2、项目开展期间,钱塘江水体中挥发性有机物的种类、检出频率较2012年有明显的增加。总体看,挥发性有机物的含量较低,远低于相关的标准限值,点源污染特征明显。3、钱塘江水体中挥发性卤代烃、苯系物等有机物污染导致人体健康风险尚在可接受范围内,非致癌健康风险指数范围为0-82.9×10-3和致癌健康风险指数范围为0-1.7×10-6。
[Abstract]:As the main drinking water source in Hangzhou, Qiantang River's water environment quality is directly related to the people's health. In recent years, the frequent incidents of water organic pollution in Hangzhou have attracted great attention from all walks of life, so it is of great practical significance to strengthen the study of organic pollutants in water bodies. Volatile organic compounds, such as volatile halogenated hydrocarbons and benzene series, as environmental endocrine disruptors, may pose a major threat to the ecological environment and the health of people because of their unique environmental behavior and pathogenic mechanism. Based on the monitoring and analysis of volatile halogenated hydrocarbons, benzene series and other organic compounds in Qiantang River, the species, distribution and concentration level of volatile halogenated hydrocarbons and benzene series in Qiantang River water are preliminarily grasped. The health risk assessment of volatile halogenated hydrocarbons and benzene series was carried out, and the preventive measures were put forward. The determination of volatile organic compounds in water by purging and trapping / gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is reported in this paper. The results show that: 1, there are 43 kinds of volatile organic compounds such as volatile halogenated hydrocarbons and benzene series in Qiantang River. The main pollution factors include: dichloromethane, trichloromethane, 1-tetrachloroethane, carbon tetrachloride. Trichloroethylene and dimethoxymethane. The first three main volatile halogenated hydrocarbon pollution factors with the highest detectable rate were dichloromethane (the highest detectable concentration was 8.4 渭 g L-1). Trichloromethane (maximum detectable concentration 2.9 渭 g L-1) and 1-trichloroethane (1.1 渭 g L-1). 2. Species of volatile organic compounds in Qiantang River water during the development of the project, The frequency of detection was significantly higher than that of 2012. In general, the content of volatile organic compounds is relatively low, which is far below the relevant standard limit, and the characteristics of point source pollution are obvious. 3. The pollution of volatile halogenated hydrocarbons, benzene series and other organic compounds in the water of Qiantang River is still within the acceptable range of human health risks. The range of non-carcinogenic health risk index is 0-82.9 脳 10 ~ (-3) and carcinogenic health risk index is 0-1.7 脳 10 ~ (-6).
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X52;X824

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