重庆市主城区次级河流水环境污染特征及评价
发布时间：2019-01-17 21:24
【摘要】：有效识别城市河流水质特征,可为其河流水资源管理和保护提供决策参考。通过沿河实地调查和2013年4月-2014年4月30个监测点,开展水体总氮(TN)、氨氮(NH4-N)、硝态氮(NO3-N)、总磷(TP)、化学需氧量(COD)、铬(Cr)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、铅(Pb)、砷(As)和镉(Cd)等11项水体理化指标的监测分析,分析主城区次级河流水体水环境时空变化特征,并对次级河流水体水环境质量进行评价及对富营养化程度进行评估。主要研究内容及成果如下:(1)水环境时空变化特征分析表明:各水质监测要素中营养盐污染较为严重,尤以富营养化指标氮最为显著,其中总氮的平均值已达到《国家地表水环境质量标准》(GB/T3838-2002)中V类水质的8倍;秋冬季含量较高,春夏季含量较少;而重金属污染时间变化显著主要由降水产生的面源污染,并河流对Cr、Cu、Zn、Pb、As和Cd的自净能力表现不突出。(2)相关分析表明,水质指标相关性表现较为突出的时间主要为2013年6月、2013年9月、2013年10月、2013年11月、2014年1月和2014年4月;其中总氮与氨氮相关系数高达0.94。由主成分分析可知,次级河流水体中TN、NH4-N、TP、COD和Pb主要受第1主成分支配。第2主成分主要支配NO3-N、Cr和Zn,第3主成分与第4主成分主要支配重金属,污染物分布主要为南高北低的空间布局。(3)采用单因子指数法和综合营养状态指数法分别对次级河流水体水环境质量及富营养化状态进行评价,结果表明:次级河流水体水质基本为重度污染与严重污染等级;各监测断面全年基本都处于严重污染等级。所有河流在各季节均处于富营养化状态,水体富营养化严重程度排序为盘溪河清水溪跳蹬河花溪河伏牛溪朝阳河。
[Abstract]:Effective identification of urban river water quality characteristics can provide a decision reference for river water resources management and protection. Through field investigation along the river and 30 monitoring sites from April 2013 to April 2014, total nitrogen (TN),) ammonia nitrogen (NH4-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N), total phosphorus (TP), chemical oxygen demand (COD), Cr (Cr), Cu (Cu),) were carried out. Monitoring and analysis of 11 physical and chemical indexes such as zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) were carried out to analyze the temporal and spatial changes of water environment of secondary rivers in the main urban area. The water environmental quality and eutrophication degree of secondary rivers were evaluated. The main research contents and results are as follows: (1) the characteristics of temporal and spatial variation of water environment show that the nutrient pollution is more serious among the monitoring elements of water quality, especially the eutrophication index nitrogen. The average value of total nitrogen has reached 8 times of that of category V water quality in the National Surface Water Environmental quality Standard (GB/T3838-2002). The content in autumn and winter is higher than that in spring and summer. However, the time variation of heavy metal pollution was mainly caused by non-point source pollution caused by precipitation, and the self-purification ability of rivers to Cr,Cu,Zn,Pb,As and Cd was not obvious. (2) correlation analysis showed that, The main periods of relevance of water quality indicators were June 2013, September 2013, October 2013, November 2013, January 2014 and April 2014; The correlation coefficient between total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen is as high as 0.94. The principal component analysis shows that TN,NH4-N,TP,COD and Pb are mainly controlled by the first principal component in the secondary river. The second principal component dominates the third principal component of NO3-N,Cr and Zn, and the fourth principal component dominates heavy metals. The distribution of pollutants was mainly the spatial distribution of high and north low in the south. (3) the water environmental quality and eutrophication status of secondary rivers were evaluated by single factor index method and comprehensive nutritional status index method. The results showed that the water quality of secondary rivers was classified as serious pollution and serious pollution. Each monitoring section is basically in a serious pollution grade throughout the year. All rivers are in eutrophication state in each season, and the serious degree of eutrophication in water body is ranked as the Chaoyang River of Funiu River, Huaxi River and Qingshui River of Panxi River.
【学位授予单位】：重庆工商大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X522;X824
本文编号：2410403
[Abstract]:Effective identification of urban river water quality characteristics can provide a decision reference for river water resources management and protection. Through field investigation along the river and 30 monitoring sites from April 2013 to April 2014, total nitrogen (TN),) ammonia nitrogen (NH4-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N), total phosphorus (TP), chemical oxygen demand (COD), Cr (Cr), Cu (Cu),) were carried out. Monitoring and analysis of 11 physical and chemical indexes such as zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) were carried out to analyze the temporal and spatial changes of water environment of secondary rivers in the main urban area. The water environmental quality and eutrophication degree of secondary rivers were evaluated. The main research contents and results are as follows: (1) the characteristics of temporal and spatial variation of water environment show that the nutrient pollution is more serious among the monitoring elements of water quality, especially the eutrophication index nitrogen. The average value of total nitrogen has reached 8 times of that of category V water quality in the National Surface Water Environmental quality Standard (GB/T3838-2002). The content in autumn and winter is higher than that in spring and summer. However, the time variation of heavy metal pollution was mainly caused by non-point source pollution caused by precipitation, and the self-purification ability of rivers to Cr,Cu,Zn,Pb,As and Cd was not obvious. (2) correlation analysis showed that, The main periods of relevance of water quality indicators were June 2013, September 2013, October 2013, November 2013, January 2014 and April 2014; The correlation coefficient between total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen is as high as 0.94. The principal component analysis shows that TN,NH4-N,TP,COD and Pb are mainly controlled by the first principal component in the secondary river. The second principal component dominates the third principal component of NO3-N,Cr and Zn, and the fourth principal component dominates heavy metals. The distribution of pollutants was mainly the spatial distribution of high and north low in the south. (3) the water environmental quality and eutrophication status of secondary rivers were evaluated by single factor index method and comprehensive nutritional status index method. The results showed that the water quality of secondary rivers was classified as serious pollution and serious pollution. Each monitoring section is basically in a serious pollution grade throughout the year. All rivers are in eutrophication state in each season, and the serious degree of eutrophication in water body is ranked as the Chaoyang River of Funiu River, Huaxi River and Qingshui River of Panxi River.
【学位授予单位】：重庆工商大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X522;X824
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，本文编号：2410403
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