活性炭三维电极法处理水中污染物的研究

发布时间：2019-01-19 15:14

【摘要】：随着我国工业的迅速发展,水资源污染、短缺问题越来越严重。传统的物理、化学、生物处理技术均有一定的局限性,因此电化学水处理技术以其处理方便、有效的特点得到广大研究者的关注。二维电化学处理技术较三维电化学技术处理效果差,效率低。本研究主要是采用三维电化学处理技术,以不锈钢和石墨棒作电极,活性炭粒子作三维电极,用静态电解槽探索三维电化学反应最佳参数,采用动态三维活性炭柱处理甲基橙、分散大红和三氯乙酸的模拟水样,并探索其反应机理。本研究主要通过测定甲基橙和分散大红的浓度,用气相色谱测定三氯乙酸的浓度,并且测定各反应参数条件下的COD值,判断反应器的处理效果以及确定电化学反应的最佳反应参数。通过电解水杨酸溶液间接测定溶液的·OH的含量,并且用TOC仪测定其DOC值,采用液相色谱凝胶柱法测定各处理条件下的表观分子量,以及测定其三维荧光光谱来研究其反应机理。采用静态装置处理甲基橙模拟水样,在不同活性炭、电压、极板间距以及pH条件,根据甲基橙的去除率和COD去除率可以得出最佳的反应参数：加活性炭作为粒子电极的处理效果比二维电极的处理效果好,其中煤质活性炭的处理效果最好；电压为15V时的处理效果最好,电压较小时电场作用小,产生的·OH的量也较小,当电压大于15V时,产生的副反应使溶液温度升高；极板间距为10mm时的处理效果最佳,当间距过小时,溶液的传质流动过慢阻碍反应速度,大于10mm时,极板间电场作用减小,电解反应减慢；pH值越小时,水样的处理效果越好。三维活性炭柱动态试验研究并作穿透曲线,结果表明,活性炭柱对甲基橙、分散大红、三氯乙酸的处理效果很好,40h内可以达到100%的处理效果,而且加电条件的处理效果优于不加电条件,突破时间、饱和时间均延后,吸附饱和后仍存在50%左右的去除率,并且在加电15V时的处理效果最好。根据水杨酸捕捉法测定了·OH的含量,在电压为15V时的吸光值最高,此时产生的·OH的含量最多。甲基橙的表观分子量为600-700之间,处理后的水样并未发现小分子量其他有机物质。结果可以确定甲基橙的三维荧光光谱的光谱峰,根据峰的强度可以看出甲基橙的处理效果,动态态活性炭柱处理效果很好,最初甲基橙去除率达到95%以上,且还去除了自来水中的其他杂质,处理后未发现新的杂质峰,只有在电压为20V条件下看到一些类腐殖酸杂质,处理电压不应过大,可能生成副产物。本研究表明三维电化学处理有机污染物质在合适的电压、活性炭、pH条件下,可以达到很较的效果,因此认为三维电化学是一种有效、便于控制的水处理技术,但是其具体反应机理和安全性能尚需做进一步研究。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of industry in China, water pollution and shortage are becoming more and more serious. Traditional physical, chemical and biological treatment techniques have some limitations. Therefore, electrochemical water treatment technology has attracted the attention of many researchers because of its convenient and effective characteristics. Two dimensional electrochemical treatment is less effective and less efficient than three-dimensional electrochemical treatment. In this study, three-dimensional electrochemical treatment technology was used, stainless steel and graphite rod as electrode, activated carbon particle as three-dimensional electrode, static electrolyzer to explore the best parameters of three-dimensional electrochemical reaction, dynamic three-dimensional activated carbon column to treat methyl orange. The simulated water samples of red and trichloroacetic acid were dispersed and the reaction mechanism was explored. In this study, the concentration of methyl orange and disperse red was determined, the concentration of trichloroacetic acid was determined by gas chromatography, and the COD value was determined under various reaction parameters. To judge the treatment effect of the reactor and to determine the optimum reaction parameters of the electrochemical reaction. The OH content of the solution was determined indirectly by electrolytic salicylic acid solution, the DOC value of the solution was measured by TOC instrument, and the apparent molecular weight of the solution was determined by liquid chromatography gel column method. The reaction mechanism was studied by measuring its three-dimensional fluorescence spectra. A static device was used to treat methyl orange simulated water samples under different activated carbon, voltage, plate spacing and pH conditions. According to the removal rate of methyl orange and the removal rate of COD, the optimal reaction parameters can be obtained: the treatment effect of adding activated carbon as particle electrode is better than that of two-dimensional electrode, among which the treatment effect of coal activated carbon is the best; When the voltage is 15V, the treatment effect is the best, the voltage is smaller than the electric field, and the amount of OH produced is smaller. When the voltage is more than 15V, the side reaction will increase the solution temperature. When the distance between the plates is 10mm, the treatment effect is the best. When the distance is too small, the mass transfer flow of the solution is too slow to hinder the reaction speed. When the distance is larger than the 10mm, the electric field action between the plates decreases and the electrolytic reaction slows down, and the smaller the pH value, the better the treatment effect of the water sample is. The dynamic experiment of three-dimensional activated carbon column was carried out. The results showed that the treatment effect of activated carbon column on methyl orange, disperse reddish and trichloroacetic acid was very good, and the treatment effect could reach 100% within 40 hours. Moreover, the treatment effect of the condition is better than that of the condition without adding electricity, the breakthrough time and saturation time are delayed, and the removal rate is still about 50% after adsorption saturation, and the treatment effect is the best when the power is added to 15V. The content of OH was determined by salicylic acid capture method. The absorption value of OH was the highest at the voltage of 15V, and the content of OH was the highest. The apparent molecular weight of methyl orange ranged from 600 to 700. No other organic matter with small molecular weight was found in treated water. The results showed that the spectral peak of the three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum of methyl orange could be determined. According to the intensity of the peak, the treatment effect of methyl orange was very good, and the removal rate of methyl orange was over 95% at the beginning. Other impurities in tap water were removed and no new impurity peak was found after treatment. Only some humic acid impurities were found at the voltage of 20V. The treatment voltage should not be too large and the by-products may be formed. This study shows that three-dimensional electrochemical treatment of organic pollutants under the appropriate voltage, activated carbon, pH conditions, can achieve very good results, so that three-dimensional electrochemistry is an effective and easy to control the water treatment technology, However, the specific reaction mechanism and safety performance still need to be further studied.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X703

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