双台河口自然保护区50年间LUCC及其驱动力分析

发布时间：2019-01-19 20:06

【摘要】：双台河口国家级自然保护区位于辽河下游入海口,该地区湿地发育,区域内土地利用/覆被类型多样。本文基于7个不同时相的锁眼卫星系列KH-4A、KH-4B和Landsat卫星系列TM、ETM、OLI-TIRS遥感影像,采用监督分类法对影像进行分类处理,然后结合GIS空间分析与数理统计方法,分析了1963-2013年期间双台河口国家级自然保护区的土地利用/覆被的变化情况。从定性和定量两方面,分析了双台河口国家级自然保护区50年间LUCC的驱动力。结果表明:(1)1963-1984年期间,双台河口国家级自然保护区天然湿地总面积减少了27 071.18 hm2,人工湿地和非湿地总面积分别增加了21 178.44 hm2、5 892.74hm2。其中,1963-1984年期间,芦苇沼泽和滩地向南推进造成天然水域面积减少9 341.57 hm2;1984-1992年期间芦苇沼泽、养殖水域大面积增长,分别增长6073.91 hm2、4 801.76 hm2,天然水域、滩地大面积减少,分别减少7 183.93 hm2、5 824.46 hm2;1992-2000年期间是耕地、滩地面积增长,天然水域、芦苇沼泽面积减少最明显的阶段,耕地、滩地面积分别增长8 468.54 hm2、7 021.78 hm2,天然水域、芦苇沼泽面积分别减少12 684.11 hm2、5 712.22 hm2;2000-2007年期间,养殖水域大面积增长,增长量4 352.75 hm2;2007-2013年期间,城建用地大面积增长,增长量2 307.34hm2。(2)1963-2013年期间,双台河口国家级自然保护区各阶段土地利用动态度差异较大。土地利用综合动态度总体上呈现先增大后减小的变化特征,1992-2000年期间的综合动态度最大,为3.69%,是土地利用/覆被类型变化最明显的阶段。各土地利用类型单一动态度在不同阶段特点各异,其中,1984-1992年期间,养殖水域的单一动态度最大,高达481.25%;从整体上看,人工湿地和非湿地类型的单一动态度高于天然湿地类型的单一动态度,人工湿地和非湿地的变化在各阶段更为明显。(3)双台河口国家级自然保护区LUCC受多种因素综合影响,不同时期各社会经济因素对LUCC的推动作用有所差异。总体来说,地形地貌、气候、土壤、水文等生物物理因子是双台河口国家级自然保护区LUCC的基本条件,是LUCC的间接驱动力;人口、经济、政策和科技等是主要的社会经济因素,是双台河口国家级自然保护区LUCC的直接驱动力。
[Abstract]:Shuangtai Estuary National Nature Reserve is located at the estuary of Liaohe River. In this paper, based on seven KH-4A,KH-4B and Landsat satellite TM,ETM,OLI-TIRS remote sensing images with different phases, the supervised classification method is used to classify and process the images, and then combined with the GIS spatial analysis and mathematical statistics methods, The changes of land use / cover in Shuangtai Estuary National Nature Reserve during 1963-2013 were analyzed. The driving force of LUCC in Shuangtai Estuary National Nature Reserve during 50 years was analyzed from qualitative and quantitative aspects. The results are as follows: (1) during 1963-1984, the total area of natural wetland in Shuangtai Estuary National Nature Reserve decreased by 27 071.18 hm2, artificial wetland and non-wetland area respectively increased by 21 178.44 hm2,5 892.74 hm2. During 1963-1984, Reed swamps and beaches pushed southward, reducing the area of natural waters by 9 341.57 hm2;. During the period 1984-1992, the Reed swamps increased in a large area, increasing 6073.91 hm2,4 801.76 hm2, natural waters, and decreasing the large area of beach land by 7 183.93 hm2,5 824.46 hm2;, respectively. From 1992 to 2000, the area of cultivated land increased, the area of beach land increased, the area of natural waters and Reed swamp decreased most obviously, the area of cultivated land and beach land increased by 8 468.54 hm2,7 021.78 hm2, respectively. Reed swamp area reduced by 12 684.11 hm2,5 712.22 hm2;, respectively During the period 2000-2007, the area of aquaculture water increased greatly, with a growth of 4 352.75 hm2;. During the period from 2007 to 2013, the land use for urban construction increased in a large area, with an increase of 2 307.34 hm2. (2) during 1963-2013, the land use dynamics of each stage of Shuangtai Estuary National Nature Reserve varied greatly. The comprehensive dynamic degree of land use increased firstly and then decreased. The comprehensive dynamic degree of land use was the largest (3.69%) in 1992-2000, which was the most obvious stage of land use / cover type change. The single dynamic degree of each land use type is different in different stages. During 1984-1992, the single dynamic degree of aquaculture water area is the largest, as high as 481.25; On the whole, the single dynamic degree of artificial wetland and non-wetland type is higher than that of natural wetland type. The changes of constructed wetland and non-wetland are more obvious in each stage. (3) LUCC in Shuangtai Estuary National Nature Reserve is influenced by many factors, and the social and economic factors have different influence on LUCC in different period. In general, physiognomy, climate, soil, hydrology and other biophysical factors are the basic conditions of LUCC and the indirect driving force of LUCC in Shuangtai Estuary National Nature Reserve. Population, economy, policy and technology are the main social and economic factors, and are the direct driving force of LUCC in Shuangtai Estuary National Nature Reserve.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X36

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