东江湖生态环境演变趋势及承载力分析

发布时间：2019-01-27 07:26

【摘要】：当今世界,可持续发展是社会发展的主题,更是我国社会和经济发展长期发展的基本国策。水资源作为人类赖以生存和社会文明发展的基本源泉,也是任何国家和地区永远不可或缺的战略资源。围绕水资源的保护和良好利用,从社会、经济、环境生态的协调发展的角度,我国尤在近10多年来开展了许多的深入理论与技术的研究,和相关政策措施的制定,以求建立一套完善的水资源的生态发展机制,推动水资源的保护。在我国,城市水源中将近80%湖泊和90%河流都受到了不同程度的污染,湖南省也正面临着水资源安全问题,严重威胁着人民的身体健康和区域经济的可持续发展。在国家启动《良好湖泊生态环境保护规划(2011-2020年)》的背景下,湖南的东江湖被纳入国家“十二五”重点保护范围内。东江湖水量充沛,水质总体状况良好,除了流域内供给外,还担当起下游湘江流域的水资源保障。但随着东江湖流域内经济的发展,流域生态环境保护承受着越来越大的压力,东江湖水质保障存在越来越大的危机,从近些年的监测数据显示东江湖水质存在个别下降的趋势。本文将就东江湖社会、经济、生态环境调查的基础上,开展东江湖生态环境演变趋势的预测,通过承载力分析,提出相应的污染控制重点和目标,为东江湖生态环境保护提供相应的依据。通过研究东江湖水环境质量总体状况仍处于全球天然淡水基本相当的水平,是一种清洁水体,但局部受到轻微污染。饮用水源一级保护区主要指标优于Ⅰ类,但总磷优于Ⅱ类,二级保护区主要指标优于Ⅱ类,但总磷、铅、砷优于Ⅲ类,东江湖全流域特征污染物为总磷。流域局部存在中营养级状态,总体处于贫营养水平。从污染源分析上主要存在5个方面的生态环境问题：一是环境基础设施落后,人口和消费增长是生活污染加剧；二是矿产开发加剧水土流失,重金属污染潜在风险较大；三是网箱养殖污染负荷大,导致局部水域营养程度较高；四是产业布局不合理；五是环境监管制度与体系不健全,环境监测能力技术薄弱。基于社会、经济和人口发展,以2011年为基准年,对特征污染物总磷浓度变化趋势分析,10%消减以下不能满足Ⅱ类水标准,在15%消减下可达到Ⅱ类水标准。对东江湖生态承载力分析,其总磷已超出环境容量,COD、氨氮、总氮均有剩余容量,土地资源承载力介于70.65～119.68万人之间,经济发在不收土地资源的约束。在以上研究的基础上提出东江湖生态环境保护的总体目标为,2012-2015年,东江湖一级保护区水质继续保持地表水Ⅰ类标准,全湖总体水质优于Ⅱ类,库岔库湾处水质得到明显改善,入湖河流水质持续稳定达到Ⅲ类,局部水域富营养化趋势得到有效控制,全湖控制在贫营养化状态。
[Abstract]:In today's world, sustainable development is the theme of social development and the basic national policy of our country's social and economic development. As the basic source of human survival and the development of social civilization, water resources are always indispensable strategic resources for any country and region. Focusing on the protection and good utilization of water resources, and from the perspective of coordinated development of society, economy and environment and ecology, China has carried out many in-depth theoretical and technical studies, as well as the formulation of relevant policies and measures, especially in the recent 10 years. In order to establish a set of perfect ecological development mechanism of water resources, promote the protection of water resources. In China, nearly 80% of the lakes and 90% of the rivers in urban water sources are polluted to varying degrees. Hunan Province is also facing the problem of water resources security, which seriously threatens the health of the people and the sustainable development of regional economy. Under the background of "good Lake Ecological Environment Protection Program (2011-2020)", Dongjiang Lake in Hunan Province was included in the national "12th Five-Year Plan" key protection scope. Dongjiang Lake has abundant water quantity and good water quality. In addition to the supply in the basin, it also acts as the guarantee of water resources in the lower Xiangjiang River Basin. However, with the development of economy in Dongjiang Lake Basin, the ecological environment protection is under more and more pressure, and the water quality guarantee of Dongjiang Lake is in more and more serious crisis. The monitoring data in recent years show that the water quality of Dongjiang Lake is declining individually. Based on the investigation of the social, economic and ecological environment of Dongjiang Lake, this paper will carry out the prediction of the ecological environment evolution trend of Dongjiang Lake, and put forward the corresponding pollution control emphases and objectives through carrying capacity analysis. To provide the corresponding basis for the ecological environment protection of Dongjiang Lake. The water environmental quality of Dongjiang Lake is still in the same level as the global natural fresh water. It is a kind of clean water body, but it is slightly polluted. The main indexes of the first class protected area of drinking water were better than that of class 鈪，

本文编号：2416044